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59 pages 1 hour read

Octavia E. Butler

Imago

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1989

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Part 3, Chapters 1-8Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “Imago”

Part 3, Chapter 1 Summary

Aaor changes its body to appear more like Tomás and Jesusa. Jodahs links with Aaor to help ease its loneliness and agony. Lilith is torn between her love for Jodahs and the guilt of not telling the siblings that they will be bound if they stay. She tells Jesusa that Jodahs will not lie but will withhold information. She encourages Jesusa to think critically and ask questions. Jesusa asks Lilith if she would choose Mars if she were in her place, and Lilith responds that she has found contentment with the Oankali. Lilith has chosen to live, but Jesusa believes that going along with the Oankali is not a real choice. Aaor pleads again with the twins to help it find mates, but Jesusa refuses to betray her people and warns Aaor that the villagers will try to kill it.

Part 3, Chapter 2 Summary

Aaor wanders the forest and changes its form into an increasingly less complex organism. It develops fur, scales, and then bark, and finally transforms into a mollusk-like organism that can only survive in water. Aaor painfully makes its way home and is discovered by its siblings. Jodahs attempts to bring Aaor back to its original form by linking Aaor with itself and its human mates. Tomás and Jesusa find the experience repellent but understand that it may be the only way to help Aaor stabilize.

Aaor begins its second metamorphosis just as Jodahs completes its own. Endowed now with sensory hands, its reproductive organs, Jodahs connects to Jesusa’s nervous system and injects her with an ooloi substance. Jodahs gives her intense pleasure while accessing her genetic material with enhanced clarity. Jodahs detects the genetic sequence of her condition, her ova, and the fatal human contradiction of intelligence and hierarchical behavior that caused their first extinction. Jodahs repeats the experience with Tomás and collects his sperm. The experience finalizes their bond with each other. Both Jodahs and its mates will struggle if they are separated. Lilith describes the bond as a “literal, physical addiction” and compares the Oankali’s hunger to taste humans’ DNA to eating (154).

Part 3, Chapter 3 Summary

Tomás and Jesusa alternate turns with Jodahs as it links to Aaor’s body. Aaor struggles to maintain a complex form and wants to dissolve into individual cells. Without human mates, Aaor’s body is starving. Jodahs compares Aaor’s attempt at “dissolution” to dying by suicide. Jodahs is only able to stabilize Aaor temporarily and explains that Aaor will be exiled to the ship once it completes its metamorphosis. There, Aaor might find Oankali who can stabilize it or be allowed to dissolve.

Jesusa to let Aaor die. Jodahs resists calming Jesusa with its tentacles, understanding that she wants to feel her anger. Jesusa devises a plan to have Jodahs give the siblings back their previous condition so they can return to their village and convince a pair of humans to become Aaor’s mates. Tomás fears they will be killed, but Jesusa declares she is not fragile.

Part 3, Chapter 4 Summary

Tomás and Jesusa attempt to leave without Jodahs but discover that they cannot physically stand being apart from the ooloi. Ahajas blocks Jodahs from going after them and advises it to let them return on their own. The siblings have survived this long without Jodahs’s help. She contends that Jodahs should have told them about the bond, as now they will feel anxiety and not know why. Lilith tells Jodahs that the siblings will eventually forgive it but will forever distrust Lilith and Tino, their fellow humans, for withholding the truth. When the siblings return, Tomás is relieved, but Jesusa resents Jodahs and feels trapped and betrayed. Nevertheless, Jesusa continues with their plan to save Aaor’s life. To complicate their mission, Aaor must accompany them since its condition has worsened and it will not survive the separation.

Nikanj tells Jodahs that the family will return to Lo while they are away. Now that Jodahs has mates, it will no longer live with its family, as is Oankali custom. Nikanj gives Jodahs its genetic memories, and Jodahs inherits all the DNA that Nikanj has collected in its lifetime. Jodahs stores the flood of memories in its mature yashi.

Part 3, Chapter 5 Summary

Jesusa leads the group, scaling rocks to reach their former village in the mountains. Aaor is disgusted when Tomás and Jesusa kill and eat fish for sustenance. Aaor admonishes Jodahs for allowing them to kill animals, but Jodahs explains that humans need to continue their customs to feel autonomous. Aaor confides that it struggles to resist the urge to dissolve every day. As they near the village, Jesusa instructs Jodahs to give her and Tomás back their condition. They plan to find potential mates where lovers meet clandestinely. Jodahs can’t comprehend how humans can form temporary bonds. The next night, they are discovered.

Part 3, Chapter 6 Summary

Aaor and Jodahs hide as a group of guards confronts Tomás and Jesusa. Jesusa proves her identity to a guard by recalling a childhood memory that only he and she would know. They are taken to the village and imprisoned for questioning. The siblings have prepared a story that they were kidnapped and have finally escaped. Jodahs hopes that if they are convincing, the siblings will not be separated and questioned for long. Aaor wants to go after them, but Jodahs advises it to wait. Aaor fears that if they wait too long, they will not have enough control over their bodies and may be forced to kill.

Part 3, Chapter 7 Summary

Aaor and Jodahs discover a settlement house on the outskirts of the village and detect three humans. Aaor fixates on a pair in a cabin, and Jodahs finds the third human dwelling in a cave. The man does not have tumors but has a condition that gives him baldness, scaly skin, and a short stature. Jodahs notices that he has been beaten and offers to heal the man’s skin and grow back his hair. Jodahs invites him to join the Oankali when they leave the village. The man asks if ooloi are both male and female in one body, and Jodahs explains that it is neither. The man allows Jodahs to work on him during the night. Jodahs does not drug the man as Oankali typically do and detects his longing to be touched. Humans are intolerant to difference, and Jodahs marvels at how quickly the man is willing to leave his home and follow Jodahs.

Part 3, Chapter 8 Summary

Jodahs and the man, Santos, join Aaor in the cabin. Aaor is content and stabilized, having found willing human mates in the couple Javier and Paz. Santos says they should be afraid of the Oankali—they have been taught the aliens are evil. Although he consents to leaving with Jodahs, he remains suspicious. Paz no longer wants to stay in the village and give birth to children who will die. Javier and Paz show Jodahs where Tomás and Jesusa are imprisoned. Jodahs is determined to sneak into the village and rescue them.

Part 3, Chapters 1-8 Analysis

Part 3 depicts the emergence of Jesusa as a protagonist. Headstrong and resilient, Jesusa changes her mind about revealing the village’s location without compromising her strength and conviction to protect humankind. The main thing that has changed for her is that she now includes Oankali lives as worthy of protection, too.

A significant influence in Jesusa’s change of perspective comes from Lilith, her potential relative and a mirror to Jesusa’s conflicting role as a bridge between the two species or a traitor to her people. Lilith provides insights into The Nature of Autonomy and Consent in Alien/Human Relationships. In an intimate conversation with Lilith, Jesusa learns firsthand what life with the Oankali entails. Lilith confides, “There’s closeness here that I didn’t have with the family I was born into or with my husband and son” (147). Lilith’s contentment with her life challenges the stereotypes that Jesusa believes about the Oankali and construct families. The scene challenges stereotypes of nontraditional families as depraved or unnatural, especially if they do not align with heteronormative and binary definitions of gender roles and sexuality.

The second crucial insight Jesusa gains from Lilith is a complex understanding of agency that the binary labels of “resister” and “traitor” oversimplify. Jesusa at first assumes that Lilith had no choice in bonding with Nikanj, but Lilith responds, “I did, oh, yes. I chose to live” (148). Lilith’s choice to live is an act of agency that illustrates the various ways that marginalized people survive within repressive systems. Jesusa, who is adamant about not being a “traitor” to her people, accuses Lilith of passivity and responds, “That’s no choice. That’s just going on, letting yourself be carried along by whatever happens” (148). Lilith herself has haunting doubts about whether she betrayed her people, yet she hasn’t been passive in her life. In Dawn, Lilith fought for her rights and the rights of others, both Oankali and humans, amidst acts of physical violence, sexual assault, ostracization, and murder. When Lilith responds to Jesusa’s accusation with a whispered “[y]ou don’t know what you’re talking about,” Jodahs recognizes in Lilith’s tone “what my birth mother had survived” (148). In the following silence, Jesusa also comprehends the depth of Lilith’s strength and autonomy despite never being a “resister.”

Jesusa at this point believes that in protecting her village, she is not betraying humanity. Yet the humanity of the village is questionable and highlights the theme of Reproductive and Sexual Freedom as Forms of Female Agency. The inhabitants live with forced reproduction, a ban against Oankali genetic treatment, and high mortality rates. Tomás declares, “I hate that place […] Full of pain and sickness and duty and false hope. I meant to die rather than see it again” (163). In many ways, Tomás’s assessment of his village mirrors the Oankali’s diagnosis that humans are genetically hierarchical and doomed to destroy themselves. Before the Mars colony, humans who resisted merging with the Oankali were relegated to sterilization. Tomás’s rejection of his village upbringing offers another definition of resister as someone who refuses to live under any conditions, Oankali or human, that suppress free will. The term “traitor” is not necessarily someone who betrays their kind, but someone who challenges the status quo.

Despite his hatred and resentment, Tomás does not wish harm or suffering on the villagers and expresses a genuine affection for them. He admits, “I love those people” (163). The condition of love is an element that the Oankali lacked in their initial interactions with humans. Driven mostly by a logic of genetics, the Oankali disapproved of humanity’s hierarchical and violent ways that highlighted The Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Posthumanism. The Oankali didn’t comprehend how their act of benevolence and mercy was robbing an entire species of their rights.

Love and other forms of emotional intelligence gradually develop within Jodahs in its interactions with the siblings, suggesting a future where humans and Oankali live in peace and mutual respect. Jodahs expresses something akin to love in its memory of being held by the siblings during its most vulnerable metamorphic state. Jodahs describes, “I have a clear, treasured memory of the two of them carrying me into the small room. […] they handled me with great gentleness and care, as they had from the beginning of my change” (142). Jodahs’s pleasure in the siblings is not physical but emotional, in which human touch provides comfort and security. As the novel nears its conclusion, the question is whether the Oankali will learn to love, and not just need, humans in return.

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