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26 pages 52 minutes read

Edgar Allan Poe

Hop-Frog

Fiction | Short Story | Adult | Published in 1849

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Character Analysis

Hop-Frog

Hop-Frog is the protagonist of the story and, by its conclusion, is presented as an anti-hero. He’s taken from his home country and given to the king as a present. The king names him “Hop-Frog” because he’s a little person (or “dwarf”) with unusual bodily proportions and has an additional disability that affects his gait. However, his considerable muscle mass allows him to “perform many feats of wonderful dexterity” (Paragraph 7), such as climbing and rope work, and he has incredible wit. Back home, this may have been a strength or just an average trait, but in the story’s kingdom, his cleverness isn’t valued as an attribute, and the king doesn’t view him as an equal or even as a man. The king merely values Hop-Frog’s wit as a jester; his size and disability make him the butt of jokes, further dehumanizing him.

Poe’s depiction of Hop-Frog builds empathy for him because it demonstrates the abuse that he and Trippetta endure under the king. Even so, Hop-Frog is an anti-hero. Although the king’s treatment of him is reprehensible and his escape seems entirely justifiable, he escapes via morally questionable means: deception and murder. Poe uses intense imagery here: “The eight corpses swung in their chains, a fetid, blackened, hideous, and indistinguishable mass” juxtaposed with Hop-Frog tossing his torch at the burning men before “clamber[ing] leisurely to the ceiling” (Paragraph 59). Hop-Frog sees the murders as a justified action.

By the end of the story, Hop-Frog is no longer the cruel joke but the cruel joker. Instead of being characterized by his size and disability, he’s identified by his wit and the ability to outsmart his tormentors.

The King

Like Hop-Frog, the king is described by his size and stature, but while Hop-Frog is a little person (or “dwarf”) and has a physical disability that affects his gait, the king is a large, able-bodied man of considerable girth. His immense size is associated with negative traits: “More probably, they found it difficult, on account of being so fat, to make up their minds” (Paragraph 11). Because the king is a person of size, he’s characterized as being indecisive, and this trait—in addition to his affinity for cruel jokes—contributes to the ease with which Hop-Frog manipulates him and his ministers into the orangutan costumes.

The king acts as a foil to Hop-Frog. For one thing, the king is a man of considerable size, while Hop-Frog is small. In addition, the king is the most powerful man in the story, while Hop-Frog’s rank offers him no power. Wine drives Hop-Frog “mad,” but the king drinks with “no very perceptible ill effect” (Paragraph 32). These differences in character reinforce the king’s villainy and Hop-Frog’s desire for revenge, as well as the differing intentions behind their respective cruelty. The king is cruel for a laugh, while Hop-Frog is cruel in response to cruelty.

Ironically, the king’s affinity for jokes causes his demise. When he forces Hop-Frog to “drink to his ‘absent friends’” (Paragraph 14), it drives Hop-Frog “mad” and inspires his sinister plot. The king executes this practical joke because it will frighten the women at the party: Their fear is the punchline to the gag. However, the result is the opposite. The king is chained and burned alive—humiliating him in the same brutal way that he embarrassed Hop-Frog and Trippetta earlier in the narrative.

Trippetta

Trippetta plays a small but instrumental role in “Hop-Frog.” Although largely a static character, she’s also a foil to the title character. While the narrator describes Hop-Frog as a “dwarf” of unusual proportions, Trippetta has a more palatable appearance to the men of the court: “She, on account of her grace and exquisite beauty (although a dwarf), was universally admired and petted; so she possessed much influence” (Paragraph 9). Both she and Hop-Frog are essentially enslaved by the king; however, Trippetta’s looks allow her to gain acceptance in the kingdom more easily than Hop-Frog can, further highlighting his isolation and alienation. Trippetta’s favor with the court permits her to take a back seat in the story—the narrative doesn’t focus much on her—and to stay mostly hidden regarding the king’s abusive behavior.

Thus, Trippetta’s abuse is a turning point in the narrative. Although her beauty previously garnered the king’s favor, when she implores him to spare Hop-Frog from drinking the wine, she’s assaulted: She “got up the best she could, and, not daring even to sigh, resumed her position at the foot of the table” (Paragraph 25). The foot of the table symbolizes her place in the kingdom’s society: at the bottom. Despite the favor that her appearance affords her, she’s still not seen as a person.

Seeing the king and ministers dehumanizing Trippetta inspires Hop-Frog to take revenge. She acts as a sidekick in the story’s climax, helping them both escape. The final sentence reveals the narrator’s “supposition” that she’s on the roof pulling the men up by the chain. Considering the size of the eight men, she must also have considerable strength. Like Hop-Frog, her wit and strength enable her to escape.

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