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Timothy ZahnA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The weight of responsibility for the New Republic they are building and fighting to defend forms the primary internal conflict for both Luke and Leia as protagonists in Heir to the Empire. They are both part of the efforts to rebuild after defeating the Empire, contributing to the development of New Republic. The task is a difficult one, as they must simultaneously fight the remnants of the Imperial army, develop alliances with other planets, and build political, social, and economic security in the New Republic. Luke, worried about how long their efforts are taking, thinks of all the planets with billions of people on them:
Many of them still waiting for the freedom and light the New Republic had promised them. He close[s] his eyes against the bright lights and the equally bright hopes. There [is], he [thinks] wearily, no magic wand that could make everything better. Not even for a Jedi (25).
Having been told by Yoda that he is the only remaining Jedi and having lead their defeat of the Emperor and Darth Vader, Luke feels responsible for providing the Jedi power that the New Republic needs to succeed and thrive. The weight of that responsibility makes him feel overwhelmed by the problems facing the New Republic, but he also remembers that “’a Jedi can’t get so caught up in matters of galactic importance that it interferes with his concern for individual people’” (22). The balance between galactic and individual concern forms a consistent internal tension for his character.
Luke’s Jedi powers continually weigh on him—not only in relation to his New Republic duties, but also, as the only living Jedi, Luke is the only person alive who can rebuild the Jedi Order, this time without guidance from his Jedi mentors. He often struggles with determining what he needs to do, wondering “what else there [is] about being a Jedi that he [is] going to have to discover on his own” (175). The fact that he will have to teach others—in particular his own flesh and blood—adds to the weight on Luke’s shoulders. Having discovered her own Jedi powers, Leia needs training, and her children are likely to have powers as well. Luke’s insecurities plague him as he questions his ability to teach them and fears putting them in danger, just as he has done with himself:
For a few moments he wandered around the room, fighting against the heavy weight of responsibility that seemed sometimes on the verge of smothering him. Risking his own life was one thing, but to have Leia’s future in his hands was something else entirely. ‘I’m not a teacher,’ he called aloud into the empty room (128).
Similarly, Leia feels the weight of responsibility in her role as a diplomat. She was raised as a princess, and she worked in the Senate before the events of the original Star Wars trilogy. This work and lifelong training makes her one of the only people with sufficient experience to actually make a newly formed government work. “Without her expertise, this whole thing could easily collapse, particularly in these critical early stages of the New Republic’s development” (29). Leia wants to lessen her work load, and she and Han both want her to learn how to wield her Jedi powers—pointing to the larger narrative tension of what is best for the individual versus the collective. When she requests a less rigorous schedule, Mon Mothma rejects the appeal and insists that they will need Leia’s full attention for at least another year. The rejection comes even during a time where Leia’s life is in danger and learning how to control her powers would help to ensure her safety. Both Leia and Luke continuously put aside their own needs for the good of the New Republic and the Jedi Order, and their emotions in the novel reveal how heavy and limiting such responsibility can be for those in power, particularly those who have few (or no) true peers.
Questions of power and control permeate Heir to the Empire, with each character exhibiting a different relationship to power, demonstrating that it can be defined and attained in a variety of ways. Thrawn and Joruus, in particular, have significant differences in their perspectives on power. For Joruus, power is more meaningful and satisfying when up close and personal:
Conquering worlds you’ll never even visit again isn’t power. Neither is destroying ships and people and rebellions you haven’t looked at face-to-face […] This, Grand Admiral Thrawn, is power. This city—this planet—these people. Every human, Psadan, and Myseyrsh who live here are mine. Mine.’ […] I teach them. I command them. I punish them. Their lives, and their deaths, are in my hands (63).
Joruus disparages galactic-level power, wishing to see the effects of his power with his own eyes. The idea of holding “distant power over faceless lives” (63) is unappealing to him, as it is more abstract and far less tangible. He is less concerned with the expansion and reach of power than he is with the tangible sense of control he gets from exerting his will over the individual lives of those on his planet.
By contrast, Thrawn cannot understand Joruus’s perspective, claiming there is not much challenge left in acquiring face-to-face power. For him, power is not power that doesn’t continue to grow and expand. He does not believe that Joruus would be content with that kind of power for long, telling Pellaeon, “What concerns me more is that we don’t give Master Joruus too much of a taste for this kind of power […] All men want power. And the more they have, the more they want” (408). Having worked his way up through the Imperial army to become the only non-human Grand Admiral, Thrawn is driven by the desire for control as a defense mechanism against marginalization. He is also obsessed with the idea of rebuilding Imperial power and defeating the Rebels that drove them further out of power. What differentiates Thrawn from other power-hungry Imperial leaders, however, is his singular focus and calculated ability both to manipulate and to remain focused on his end goal, even in the face of failures. Pellaeon observes this on the day of the Sluis Van attack; he fears retribution against himself or the crew when their attack fails, because he is used to the explosive anger of leaders like Darth Vader. Instead, Thrawn remains outwardly calm even as his eyes reveal his rage. Thrawn tells Pellaeon that the failed attack was merely a setback in his overall plan, and Pellaeon realizes just how different Thrawn is from other men: “Thrawn was not merely a soldier, like so many others Pellaeon had served with. He was, instead, a true warrior, with his eye set on the final goal and not on his own personal glory” (474).
Unlike Thrawn or Joruus, Luke, Leia, and Han are not concerned with acquiring personal power, but rather in collectively empowering themselves and others to throw off oppressive regimes, a position the series posits as heroic. The trio and their closest allies in the New Republic wish to bring freedom to all those oppressed or enslaved by the Empire. Luke himself has power through his Jedi training, and his allegiance gives the New Republic a powerful tool at their disposal, but Luke a grave sense of responsibility for this power and how he exercises it, constantly worried about the line between the light and the Dark Side. When he needs to escape Mara Jade after their ships crash and hers looks in worse shape than his, his morality does not allow him to flee before making sure she is alright, even though it leads to her recapturing him yet again. The Skywalkers and Han Solo also struggle to keep power-hungry politicians from dismantling the New Republic from within. They recognize the ambition of men like Fey’lya, and their suspicions culminate in their discovery, at the end of this first novel, that Fey’lya has instigated the arrest of Admiral Ackbar on charges of conspiracy to further a personal agenda. Thus, the trio must fight against corrupted power on all sides.
Heir to the Empire reveals both the importance of trust as well as the variety of forms that loyalty can take. Amid the increasing dangers that Luke, Leia, and Han face from Thrawn and his minions, the trio and their friends struggle to determine whom they can trust, which limits their options to protect themselves from Thrawn. Han believes that the Noghri must have access to intelligence from someone in the New Republic government, since they continuously know where to find Luke or Leia. He refuses to take Leia back to Coruscant with such a threat lingering, so they go to the only other person Han truly trusts, Lando Calrissian. Despite the rough patches in their history, Lando and Han have established trust between them, and Lando has proven himself to Han by joining the efforts to save him in The Return of the Jedi. The primary trio and Lando have built the bonds of loyalty through shared difficulties.
Trust and loyalty are at the heart of Han and Leia’s decision to accept Chewie suggestion that he take Leia to Kashyyyk to stay with the Wookiees, characterized in both the original Star Wars films and the Expanded Universe as honorable creatures. Although Leia worries that they will not appreciate a human’s presence since the Empire enslaved them, the history and bond of loyalty she and Han share with Chewie allows them to trust him with her safety—a decision that is validated on Kashyyyk. Ralrra, one of the Wookiees who meets Leia upon her arrival, tells her, “Without you and yourr people many of us would still be slaves to the Empirre. Slaves, orr dead at theirr hand. To you and yourr Republic we owe a life debt” (236). The New Republic earned the Wookiees’ loyalty through good deeds and a sense of gratitude. The bonds of gratitude are strong, something that the novel also reveals through the Noghri—a species, as Leia discovers, that feels that Darth Vader and the Emperor saved them, which earns the Dark Side the loyalty of a lethal people.
Timothy Zahn characterizes Karrde—as a character who initially exists outside of the good-evil binary in a liminal moral space between the New Republic and the Imperial army—as having a more complex sense of loyalty. When they discover Luke’s presence, Karrde’s men “figure they owe Skywalker big for getting them out of permanent hock to Jabba the Hutt” (366), while Karrde’s loyalties are more divided. His sense of morality is unclear compared to those of the New Republic and the Empire; as a powerful smuggler boss, he has built connections with both governments. He does, however, value the role of a host, which brings its own kind of loyalty—even if only to one’s own principles. When Mara protests against Karrde’s protection of Han and Lando when Thrawn lands on Myrkr, Karrde tells her, “What I do find compelling is that they’re our guests. They’ve sat at our table and eaten our food…and like it or not, that means they’re under our protection” (316). Karrde also follows through on debts of honor, allowing Han and Lando’s visit to his base when he discovers that one of his men owes them a debt of honor. He sees a similar value in Han, noting that “Solo was the type to hold debts of honor sacred—something he’d probably picked up from his Wookiee friend somewhere along the line” (441). Karrde may have divided loyalties much of the time, but his sense of hospitality and his belief in debts of honor make him a trustworthy person for Han—for the moment. It may be temporary, but Karrde’s form of loyalty reveals yet another of the many forms that trustworthiness can take.
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