59 pages • 1 hour read
Charles BukowskiA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In his identical days at Mears-Starbuck, Henry discovers the “caste system” that exists as a hierarchy of job roles (210). As a stock clerk, he feels demeaned by the salesclerks. The men’s wear clerk is named Justin Phillips, and he teases Henry about his acne scars. One day, some rich boys from Henry’s graduating class visit the store and mock him. Henry challenges Jimmy Newhall to a fight in the parking lot. Jimmy beats Henry, who refuses to give up the fight. As they roll around, Jimmy hits his head on something. Henry seizes on his opponent’s dizziness and relishes in Jimmy’s terror at being beaten. Henry knocks Jimmy down and returns to work. Rumors quickly spread around the store about the fight, and Henry is fired.
At home, Henry’s parents demand to know why he was fired. Over the following days, Henry searches for a new job. He spends his time with his fellows, unemployed, and he misleads gay men so they will buy him alcohol. Each night, he admits to his parents he did not find a job.
Henry blames his German heritage when he cannot get a job at the nearby aircraft plant, as “Hitler was acting up in Europe” (220). His parents agree he should enroll in LA City College and signs up for the easiest class, which he is told is journalism. Since he skips orientation day, he grabs Baldy and demands to know how to find a class. He is hungover when he takes classes. In his first morning English class, he is made to sing along with Gilbert and Sullivan songs to learn “proper enunciation” (223).
At college, Henry must take gym classes. Some time ago, Henry taught Baldy to wear pajamas under his wool pants to prevent itching. In the locker room before gym, Henry yanks down Baldy’s pants and mocks his pajamas. Then, he yanks down Baldy’s pajamas. Rather than joining the mockery, the other students criticize Henry. After, Henry cuts classes and wanders around town.
Robert Becker is an aspiring writer and the only fellow student whom Henry likes. He gives Henry a short story to read and invites Henry to meet his friends. Henry likes the story, especially as his own attempts at writing “didn’t work” (230). He goes out to meet Becker’s friends. They have a drinking contest, and, after a boy runs in and claims he held up a gas station, Henry begins to suspect they are a gang of thieves. He continues to drink. People begin to drop out of the contest, and, eventually, Henry wins $18. As he walks home, he finds an open car and vomits inside. He manages to make the journey home and, the next day, arrives late for his English class. When the professor mocks him, he turns around and leaves.
World War II is “going very well in Europe, for Hitler” (236), but not many students discuss the matter. In contrast, many of the instructors are vocally in favor of going to war with Germany. Henry feels no urge to go to war to protect a life he does not enjoy. He resents people’s anti-German sentiments and sees Hitler as just another dictator telling him what to do. In class, he advocates for fascism to be contrarian, even though he does not believe in Nazism. To his surprise, some students agree with his arguments. One of them, Fenster, invites Henry to a meeting of the Americans for America Party. Henry, Baldy, and a Russian named Igor attend the meeting. A man named Larry lectures against the dangers of “the communist scourge and the black takeover” (240). After, Henry goes to Igor and Baldy to drink alcohol. When Baldy struggles to finish his drink, Igor slaps him and promises to make a man out of him. He insists on playing Russian Roulette. With one bullet in the revolver, Igor spins the chamber and hands the gun to Baldy. Igor and Baldy pull the trigger but nothing fires. Henry refuses to play, and, taking the gun, Igor pulls the trigger. The gun fires. On the way home, they find a boat and row out into a lake. Igor shoots holes in the boat, and they must swim back to shore. Henry returns home while his parents are still asleep.
Walking home from class, Henry thinks about how “everything [is] eternally dreary, dismal, damned” (244). The only difference between his previous dismal state and now is that now he is able to drink. His mother leaps from behind a bush to frantically warn Henry his father found the short stories Henry wrote. Now, he wants to “kill” his son (245). She offers Henry $10 to not go home, where all his possessions were thrown on the front lawn. Henry collects his things and goes “somewhere downtown” (247).
Henry finds a room to rent. He visits a nearby bar and meets the Filippino clientele. During the day, he continues to attend college so that he has “somewhere to be” until the bars open (249). One day, Jimmy Hatcher finds Henry. He reveals that Henry’s parents paid a private investigator to track down their son. Jimmy and two friends, Delmore and Fastshoes, enter Henry’s apartment and drink whiskey with him. Henry explains he is “writing term papers for the other people” to make money (250). They play cards and then gamble on flipped coins. Henry wins their money and, when they get too drunk, kicks them out. Henry takes a disliking to Fastshoes and hits him in the face. Jimmy drags his bloody friend away, with Henry still threatening him. His landlord and two Filipino men in the hall decline his offer to share a drink. His landlord threatens to call the police. Henry goes to a bar to spend his winnings.
Becker visits Henry. He has joined the Marines but still wants to be a writer. Henry shares this ambition but complains the literary world is “still publishing 19th Century stuff, heavy, labored, pretentious” (258). They bicker, and Henry defends his alcohol addiction. They fight until Henry is knocked out. He wakes up beneath his bed in a destroyed room. With his landlord and her friends outside, Henry realizes he must leave. He packs his suitcase and runs out into a cab.
Still bearing the wounds from his fight, Henry searches for another place to stay and finds a shack in the back of a house. He pays for a week in advance and sits in his room, drinking wine. During the night, a previous occupant of the shack tries to sneak in. Henry chases him away and returns to bed, thinking about how he will “have to pick up a knife” (265).
After an English lecture, Mrs. Curtis speaks to Henry after class. She asks what “troubles” (267) him. She knows he decided to quit college. He senses she is promising to have sex with him if he stays for another term, but he leaves anyway. He empties his gym locker and, on his way out, is summoned by Baldy to “watch that stocky guy in the gym suit” (269). He watches one man play football in a strong, seemingly undefendable manner. Eventually, Henry gets up to challenge the strong player, who is nicknamed King Kong. During the first down, Kong flattens Henry. The same thing happens again. On the next down, Henry manages to hurt Kong. He does it again and, as he pretends to help Kong, inflicts more injuries on the big man. Kong is “pretty busted” (272). Henry’s friends congratulate him. Henry leaves the campus.
Henry prepares for a future among society’s most marginalized people. All he knows is he likes to be alone. He feels embarrassed for interrupting his neighbors while they have sex as this is “all [poor people] had” (275). Henry drinks wine and listens to the city. The next day, he wakes up with a hangover and encounters Becker. They go drinking together.
Becker talks enthusiastically about his plans to be a writer and see the world. As they drink, a radio bulletin announces the news of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. As Becker ponders what this means for his future, the barkeeper offers him a drink on the house. Henry walks Becker to the bus depot, where excited military men talk about killing Japanese people or say goodbye to their loved ones. After bidding farewell to Becker, Henry walks along the streets. He goes into a penny arcade and plays a boxing game with a small Mexican boy. The boy defeats him twice as Henry tries to figure out why the game seems so important. He turns around and walks out.
After an argument with his parents, Henry moves into his own apartment. Previously, he had been sneaking back home and hiding his addiction to alcohol from his parents while they slept. Once he is on his own, however, he no longer needs to hide. He relishes his independence and expresses his sense of newfound freedom by drinking heavily more often. To Henry, freedom from his parents is the freedom to indulge himself. The decadence and the vice that he was trying to hide are unleashed to their full extent. Despite this newfound ability to drink whenever he pleases, Henry is not happier. He is simply drunker. After being abused by his father and developing a profound Social Alienation Caused by Poverty, Henry retreats into his own apartment and assures himself that he is happy. When he drinks, however, he craves social interaction. The only times when Henry invites people to spend time with him are when he needs a drinking partner. This drinking partner does not need to be a friend. Rather, they are there to witness Henry enjoying his freedom firsthand. Henry needs an audience because, stuck inside with his own company, he is only capable of making himself more miserable. Just like his father driving to a non-existent job each morning to convince his neighbors that he is not unemployed, Henry needs people to witness his freedom to validate his opinion that he is better off alone. He is not happy; he simply wants other people to believe that he is happy. He has fully adopted an alienated mindset, not only being removed from people because of his economic circumstances but also having no interest in connecting with others or society at large. His alcohol addiction makes him increasingly solipsistic, and it was brought on by his economic circumstances and because of biological factors running in his family. This demonstrates The Life Story of Poverty; readers are nearing the end of the story of Henry’s life, and he has only become increasingly poor and isolated as he has grown older. The narrative will not provide a change or epiphany as other life story novels do but will instead simply depict a life of poverty, Henry’s increasing despair and isolation.
On his last day in college, Henry is pointed toward a large football player named King Kong. During a game, Kong is knocking down all his opponents and taking pleasure in their suffering. Henry recognizes this situation and realizes that he has the opportunity to use his one talent to make himself the hero. He can stand up to the bully using his toughness and teach this bully a lesson. After Henry succeeds in defeating Kong, his classmates chide him for his aggression. They ask which one, Kong or Henry, is the real sadist. On his last day in college, Henry is in danger of learning something profound about himself. Rather than delving into a self-reflective state, rather than contemplating why he sadistically seeks out pain and punishment against himself, he instead turns away and leaves. His friend’s congratulations lingers in his ear, allowing him to indulge in his fantasy of himself as the hero for a little longer. Once again, Henry is choosing to believe the convenient lie rather than examine his trauma in detail. His economic circumstances have made him this way, as readers see The Life Story of Poverty.
Later, Henry finds Becker, and they go out drinking together. In many ways, Becker is an inversion of Henry. Both of them aspire to be writers, but Becker is the only one with the confidence to act on this ambition. An important point of contrast is drawn in their relationships with institutions. Henry loathes every institution and every bureaucracy, while Becker has enlisted in the Marines. During their drinking session, however, the men hear reports that Japan has attacked Pearl Harbor. Becker’s dreams suddenly crumble as the consequences of his enlistment set in. Becker is now forced to confront a reality in which he may die in a war that, until this very day, he considered to be exterior to his life. He is hit by reality in a profound and serious manner; he is not able to live in the “drunken” dream world where Henry has made his home. Meanwhile, Henry wanders away into the city and plays an arcade boxing game. While Becker is thrown into the real fight with life and death consequences, Henry loses a meaningless game against a small boy and then wanders away again. Their lives diverge, with Henry embracing his alienation and Becker brought into the institutions that Henry dislikes so much. Readers see The Illusion of the American Dream as the novel concludes. The novel began with German immigrants who wanted to come to America to be successful, but it ends only with the story of their perpetual entrenchment in poverty. This is not an American Dream immigrant story where someone from another country comes to the US, ending their tale with success and fortune. Instead, Henry has found nothing but the lies behind the dream and other American illusions, and the novel concludes with him being just as poor as he always was.
By Charles Bukowski