88 pages • 2 hours read
Susanna KaysenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Kaysen states that it was not difficult to be admitted for mental treatment, just as it is easy to enter a kind of ‘parallel universe’ such as that of “the insane, the criminal, the crippled, the dying” (13). Her roommate at McLean Hospital, Georgina, entered the same institution after going “crazy” at a movie theater one day, when she felt that the whole world went black for several minutes. Kaysen returns to the idea of parallel universes, writing that in these experiences the regular laws of physics do not apply. She adds that while people living in the normal universe cannot perceive these parallel universes, people in them can always look back at where they came from. She reiterates this point by concluding, “Every window on Alcatraz has a view of San Francisco” (14).
Kaysen goes to a doctor’s appointment, where a male physician briefly speaks with her. When he questions her about her pimple and her boyfriend, Kaysen only nods, prompting the doctor to decide that Kaysen needs to “rest” (15). Kaysen feels tired since she woke up early to go to the appointment, and so she agrees that she does need a rest. The doctor explains that he thinks Kaysen should stay in a hospital to relax for a couple of weeks and, although she resists the idea, he tells her she must go and puts her into a taxi to McLean Hospital.
Kaysen creates a 10-question quiz about a nameless ‘person’, asking the reader to consider if they are ill, possessed, or on a certain journey. One question includes what kind of treatment they may need, such as “purging and leeches, removing the uterus if the person has one, electric shock to the brain” (19). She concludes by asking if this person is on a dangerous journey and may never come back.
Kaysen describes Polly, a resident at McLean’s who attempted suicide by lighting herself on fire. Kaysen wonders how Polly could have decided to kill herself in such a painful manner, but never asks her. Kaysen notes that she now seems like a happy, kind person who no longer has suicidal impulses. This prompts Kaysen to recall her own suicide attempt, during which she took 50 aspirin before regretting her decision and fainting in the street. Kaysen recounts that Polly was stoic throughout her first year at McLean hospital, and often reacted to others’ emotional upsets with a smile. However, eventually she cries for an entire day and night due to her traumatic scarring. Kaysen feels that she and the other residents were “fools” for thinking Polly was happy, since although they would eventually get out of McLean, Polly would be “locked up forever in that body” (23).
Lisa runs away from McLean, which saddens Kaysen and the other residents since “she kept our spirits up” (24). She explains that Lisa was usually found within one day, but this time three days passed. Kaysen describes how Lisa was very thin and “yellow”, since she rarely ate or slept. Three men bring Lisa back to McLean, where she is put into seclusion for two days.
While the residents of McLean witnessed upsetting scenes such as seeing Cynthia return from electric shock therapy, Kaysen writes that seeing Lisa after her time in seclusion was equally painful. The hospital authorities cut Lisa’s long nails and confiscate her beaded belt, which greatly upsets her. After her release from seclusion Lisa does not act like herself; instead of being disruptive, loud, and active, she is as “catatonic” as the sedated or depressed patients, and silently watches TV all day (25). Kaysen fears that the nurses are giving Lisa sedatives, but they will not share any information with her. As the months pass, Lisa spends more time in the washroom, and Kaysen continues to feel concerned for her. One day, Lisa wraps the entire TV room furniture and lighting in toilet paper, which Kaysen finds “magnificent” (27). Lisa then returns to her usual behavior and shares stories about when she ran away with Kaysen and the other residents.
Kaysen’s first chapters raise the issue of consent in medical care. During her first meeting with her doctor, Kaysen felt pressured to accept his plan of hospitalization. She describes how her physician forcefully persuaded her and physically intimidated her to get into a cab and go to the hospital. She writes, “He took me by the elbow—pinched me between his large stout fingers—and steered me outside. Keeping hold of my arm, he opened the back door of the taxi and pushed me in […] ‘Take her to McLean’, he said, ‘And don’t let her out until you get there’” (16). Kaysen foreshadows her own feelings of imprisonment at McLean by referencing the notorious prison Alcatraz at the end of her first chapter.
Kaysen is not the only person who does not consent to being a patient at McLean. She vividly portrays Lisa’s forced return to McLean after running away for several days. The author remembers, “This time, when they brought her back, they were almost as angry as she was. Two big men had her arms, and a third guy had her by the hair, pulling so that Lisa’s eyes bugged out” (24). This image underscores how patients such as Lisa rejected McLean and resisted the care they received there.
Kaysen also begins to ponder society’s perceptions of mental health and illness, by creating a survey with references to different ideas and treatments for mental illness. For example, she asks if a person is “possessed,” or is actually “ill, and must be isolated and treated by […] a) purging and leeches, b) removing the uterus if the person has one, c) electric shock to the brain” and more. These different methods of treatment prompt reflection on historical attitudes towards people perceived as mentally ill, and the often-brutal treatments they were subjected to.
Addiction
View Collection
Books Made into Movies
View Collection
Books that Feature the Theme of...
View Collection
Feminist Reads
View Collection
Health & Medicine
View Collection
Inspiring Biographies
View Collection
Jewish American Literature
View Collection
Memoir
View Collection
Memory
View Collection
Mental Illness
View Collection
Mortality & Death
View Collection
National Suicide Prevention Month
View Collection
Pride & Shame
View Collection
Psychology
View Collection
Sexual Harassment & Violence
View Collection
The Past
View Collection