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50 pages 1 hour read

Kurt Vonnegut Jr.

Galapagos

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1985

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Book 2, Chapters 8-14Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 2, Chapter 8 Summary

The land Mary spots from the crow’s nest is Santa Rosalia, and Adolf turns the ship toward the island, hoping to find people or—at the very least—something to eat. Leon understands that his curiosity about the passengers outweighs his desire to go to the afterlife. He explains that he has now spent a million years on Earth, watching the island and haunting the ship “without a chance of parole” (144). Adolf runs the ship aground to allow the passengers to disembark to the island, where they can stock up on food for their return “at leisure to the mainland” (144). He doesn’t know, however, that the ship’s engines will never restart. Adolf and Mary explore the island, learning about the flora and fauna. They feel positive for a while—until they discover that the engines no longer work.

Book 2, Chapter 9 Summary

On the island, Hisako’s daughter, Akiko, will be the only person able to converse with the Kanka-bono orphans. The Bahia de Darwin sinks in 1996, and a short time later, Mary begins to have ideas about a science experiment. Though the group is still “expecting to be rescued at any time” (146), she begins to contemplate an artificial insemination program using the Kanka-bono orphans, who are now in their late-teens. The memory of Mary’s experiment reminds Leon of his father, who desperately hoped to sell a script to a Hollywood studio to alleviate his financial problems but never did.

Book 2, Chapter 10 Summary

During the 10 years they’ve lived on the island, the group has split into several factions. Hisako and Selena live together, raising the fur-covered Akiko. The Kanka-bono orphans form a community on the other side of the island. Mary and Adolf, with no allegiances of their own, live together. Adolf finds a freshwater supply and, in his declining years, decides that he is its manager. When a baby is born via one of Mary’s experiments, it’s given the name Kamikaze. It’s the first of many. The narrative reveals that in generations to come, the islands residents will become “a family which included everyone” (151). During this time, the Kanka-bono language and culture will become dominant.

Book 2, Chapter 11 Summary

During one restless night, Adolph visits the crater filled with fresh water and sees the Kanka-bono women drinking. He notices that one of them has a strangely enlarged belly. Mary has impregnated the woman with his sperm, without his knowledge. When the baby is born, he complains that he “surely should have been consulted” (153). Mary dismisses his concerns, saying that he’s irrelevant to the child beyond being a sperm doner.

Book 2, Chapter 12 Summary

After Adolf learns of his child, his informal relationship with Mary is irretrievable. His blue eyes will be a genetic trait inherited by one in twelve of his future descendants. Mary makes herself a private hut and assures Akiko that she’s “no lonelier then than she had been when she lived with the Captain” (154). Akiko eventually becomes a mother; Kamikaze is the father of her seven “furry children” (155). Hisako and Selena drown themselves together. The Kanka-bono women treat Mary with fear as much as respect, unsure of her intentions or capabilities. When Adolf is 86, he develops Alzheimer’s disease, and Akiko cares for him. Mary, 80 and hobbling due to osteoporosis, goes to Adolph’s hut to make peace with him.

Book 2, Chapter 13 Summary

As Mary visits Adolf, she remembers how Selena and Hisako drowned themselves shortly after Akiko, craving independence, moved out of their hut. Mary has long planned to follow them if she ever feels that she has become a “burden on the community” (157). Adolf doesn’t recognize Mary and claims that she’s “the ugliest woman [he] ever saw” (158). He insists that she leave. At the same time, the now-teenage Kamikaze whoops with joy on the other side of the island because he caught his laughing aunt and plans to have sex with her. He has sex with any women (and some animals) on the island. Annoyed that Mary hasn’t left, Adolph snatches Mandarax from her hands and hurls it into the sea. When Mary dives into the water to try to save the device, a shark eats her. Adolf, struck by sudden memory loss, doesn’t like the finches that flock around him. He dives into the blood-strewn water, where he too is eaten by a shark, a creature that is “a flawless part in the clockwork of the universe” (159).

Book 2, Chapter 14 Summary

Leon reflects on the story he has just told. He describes how the people on the island gradually evolved into furry, aquatic mammals with flippers for hands and much smaller brains. He takes a moment to deal with “a few not very important details” (161) that he didn’t cover in the story. A million years in the future, he explains, the evolved humans have no conception of their own mortality. Other mammals or large creatures never joined them on the island. Leon himself didn’t reproduce. He arrived in Sweden after contracting syphilis as a Marine in Vietnam. Visiting a Swedish doctor, he explained the crimes that he and his unit committed during the Vietnam war. He felt numb to the reality of what he’d done. The doctor, noticing Leon’s surname, asked whether he was the son of “wonderful science-fiction writer Kilgore Trout” (162). Leon broke down in tears. He was shocked that, at least to one person, his father’s desperate writing efforts hadn’t been in vain. When Leon stopped crying, the doctor suggested that he desert the Marines and flee to Sweden, where he could claim political asylum. Although Leon worried that he didn’t speak Swedish, the doctor assured him that he would learn.

Book 2, Chapters 8-14 Analysis

At the end of Galapagos, Mary suddenly dies. She’s 80 years old when a shark eats her. By this point, however, she’s a pivotal figure in the history of humanity. The same woman who laid on a hotel bed with plastic over her head, on the brink of death by suicide, has become a mother figure for the next generation of humanity. Despite her crucial role in the survival of the species, however, she isn’t revered. In a traditional world, a mother figure like Mary would be at the center of a religion. This religion would elevate and worship her, but the orphans treat her with respectful caution rather than pure adoration. Their relationship to Mary, however, justifies their reaction; Mary has, in essence, used them to conduct fertilization experiments. She lacks the language skills necessary to allow them to give anything like informed consent, though the Kanka-bono girls don’t seem resentful or hesitant to be impregnated. As such, Mary’s status shows the separation between the essential nature of her role and the morality of her actions. Just because she did something important doesn’t mean she’s good. This distinction is a step toward the small-brained version of morality that will define the future of the human species in a million years’ time.

Most of the survivors who reach the island of Santa Rosalia are from the Kanka-bono tribe. The Kanka-bono orphans come from a culture that the government of the country they inhabited assumed was dead. The Ecuadorians wrote poems about how the Kanka-bono were all dead, using them as a literary tragedy that suited the national mythologizing of the Ecuadorian people. The Ecuadorians, like most of the modern societies the novel depicts, simply didn’t care enough to check whether the Kanka-bono were really dead when they could use the Kanka-bono story for their own benefit. As such, the orphans’ survival is ironic. After the collapse of society, the Kanka-bono is the only culture left. A culture thought long-dead becomes the monoculture of humanity until that too fades away. No poems will be written for the lost societies, even though the very people those societies thought were dead outlived them.

Leon’s experiences in Vietnam traumatized him. He murdered an elderly woman and took part in war crimes that left him alienated from modern society. This speaks to the novel’s themes of Pacifism and Regret. His journey to Sweden introduces the idea of redemption. A Swedish doctor asked Leon whether he was the son of writer Kilgore Trout. Leon didn’t have a good relationship with his father and had long viewed him as an abject failure, both as a writer and a father. The doctor, however, loved Kilgore’s work. This conversation was enough to penetrate Leon’s alienation. The doctor’s praise for Kilgore showed Leon that no one is beyond redemption. Similarly, the people on the ship are all flawed, burdened by their emotional baggage, some of which is seemingly genetic in nature. Nevertheless, they become the fountain from which the future of humanity flows. They find a form of redemption that Leon worried might be beyond human capacity. The survivors may not be good people—but are important and influence others’ lives. Leon learned from his experience with the doctor never to rule out the potential for redemption, and his entire story demonstrates how redemption can be sought and found in the unlikeliest places.

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