logo

57 pages 1 hour read

Ingrid Rojas Contreras

Fruit of the Drunken Tree

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2018

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapter 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “The Photograph”

Chapter 1 serves as a prologue: The scene takes place several years after the main action of the novel. (The main plot arc begins in Chapter 2 and unfolds chronologically.) The year is 2000. Chula Santiago, the novel’s first-person narrator and protagonist, examines a photograph of her former maid, Petrona Sánchez (the secondary protagonist and first-person narrator of the “Petrona” chapters). Chula and her family have escaped to Los Angeles following the traumatic events described in the body of the novel.

In the photograph, Petrona holds an infant in her arms and stands next to an “afroed and striking” man (1), her husband Gorrión, which is a false name. Chula calculates that the photo was taken nine months after she and her family fled Colombia; Petrona was raped and impregnated that same month. Chula recalls the process of gaining asylum and U.S. citizenship. After gaining American citizenship, Chula sends Petrona a letter and receives the photograph with Petrona’s reply. Chula writes obliquely because she feels unable to express her burdened thoughts and emotions directly. She recalls writing “paragraph after paragraph about salt” (3). The final chapter of the novel will depict Petrona receiving Chula’s letter from L.A. Petrona will understand that “salt” is Chula’s euphemism for “aftershock” (296).

Chapter 1 Analysis

The opening chapter is a forward-flash to the end of the story, and it frames the narrative arc that begins in Chapter 2. Chapter 1 reveals several major plot “spoilers,” most notably Petrona’s rape and the Santiagos’ escape from Colombia to the United States. This chapter establishes Chula’s first-person narrative voice, which is characterized by detailed descriptions of her emotional experiences. Her stream-of-consciousness narration slips into run-on sentences as her emotions heighten and turn laconic by contrast when she expresses apathy, boredom, or depression.

This introductory chapter showcases the depth of Chula’s empathy for and obsession with Petrona: She hunts for connection with her lost friend, reflecting, “all I could think of was Petrona, how I was fifteen like she had been the last time I saw her” (2). Chula’s narration features significant references to salt and bones, both of which carry symbolic weight. By the end of the novel, it will be evident that Chula’s preoccupation with salt is an expression of her post-traumatic stress, and her references to bones will symbolize physical violence.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text