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77 pages 2 hours read

Ellen Oh

Flying Lessons & Other Stories

Fiction | Short Story Collection | Middle Grade | Published in 2017

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Symbols & Motifs

Water

In “The Difficult Path,” the symbol of the ocean represents freedom and opportunity. Enslaved in the Li household, Lingsi rarely has a chance to glimpse the sea, so she can only read about it in the poetry of Li Po. When she finally sees it on her way to the Infinite Stream Temple, she is awestruck and claims, “It whispered with a quiet thunder” (32). Her statement describes the lure of the ocean, the whisper calling to her with a powerful force. Because she is trapped in a restricted life with few opportunities, the lure of the ocean represents freedom from those limitations. In fact, when Lingsi does escape her life to live among the pirates of the Red Flag Fleet, she experiences the opportunity to take on any adventure that awaits. She shares this in her writing: “Now, as I write this on a pirate ship whose red sails paint the sky, I ride the vast ocean” (39). The mere act of writing is a break from societal expectations for women, and because she is on the vast ocean, the possibilities are limitless.

In “Sol Painting, Inc.,” water represents an escape from the shame and guilt Merci feels after the girls on the private school soccer team disrespect her family. At the communal pool, after her brother explains why her father remained silent in the face of the girls’ insults, Merci struggles with her emotions and longs to scream at Roli. In that moment, the pool—the site of many happy memories from earlier in her childhood—becomes another source of shame: She sees it as a dirty communal pool in need of maintenance, a far cry from the gleaming private pools that no doubt exist in the back yards of many of those soccer girls. As Roli’s wisdom sinks in, though, she opts to “take a deep breath and let the water offer what relief it will” (59). Her anger, shame, and guilt are too much to bear, and she needs an escape. The pool provides that. Moments later, she lets go of the shame and jumps in paddling after her brother. For her, water represents an escape, not unlike the freedom the ocean provides Lingsi.

Makeup

The motif of makeup throughout “Secret Samantha” represents the notion of conformity. Sam sees makeup both as a capitulation to restrictive gender expectations and as a mask to hide their true identity—something they become less interested in doing as the story continues. When the class has a secret Santa gift exchange, most of the girls give gifts of cosmetics, and Sam feels pressure to do the same.

When Sam ultimately rejects this pressure, giving their crush, Blade, a gift that they feel genuinely represents her, they take a big step toward Embracing Identity in the Face of Societal Expectations. Sam’s mom insists on buying a makeup kit because it is something she thinks all girls would like, even though Sam has no desire to purchase it for Blade. Even though they tell their mom they will consider it, Sam wants to yell, “‘Blade doesn’t need makeup to be cool!” (69). However, Sam remains silent,  indicating the internal struggle between presenting one’s authentic self and bending to societal expectations. To Sam, Blade represents authenticity and freedom—the opposite of what makeup represents to them—yet they do not assert this outwardly. Sam continues to grapple with this when they have a nightmare that Blade was a “makeup girl” who wore color changing lip gloss like the other girls in class. Sam is drawn the fact that Blade is unlike the other girls, so when they dream that the new girl conforms, it is truly terrifying to Sam.

Leaves

The colorful leaves of autumn in New Hampshire are the first and one of the last images in “Main Street,” bookending the narrative. The emphasis on the varied colors, both in the trees themselves and in the popular postcards depicting them, represents the idea of diversity.

This motif develops the theme of Embracing Identity in the Face of Societal Expectations. Before moving away, Celeste grabs Treetop’s hand and interlaces their fingers: “The way our fingers go, she said, brown, white, brown, white […] It’s like the same God or Mother Nature or Universe that decided to make the leaves here all crazy colored said this—she held up our hands—this is right too” (132-33). Celeste evokes the image of a higher power controlling the natural world and choosing to make the leaves all different colors. She thinks that if different colored leaves and different colored skin are made, like their hands, then all of it should be considered beautiful and natural. Celeste uses the leaves to rebuff society’s narrow-minded view of race and friendship, and by telling Treetop this, she encourages her to embrace the idea as well.

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