logo

74 pages 2 hours read

Eliot Schrefer

Endangered

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2012

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.

Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “Enclosure”

Part 3, Chapter 8 Summary

Sophie stops to listen and does not hear the peacekeepers following her. She realizes that she has placed herself and Otto in a dangerous situation by entering the enclosure. Sophie puts Otto on the ground, and he begins exploring, finding some beetles to play with and eat. Sophie climbs a tree for a better vantage point. She sees that the UN van is gone, but she also sees a nearby village on fire with a pile of bodies in the village’s center. She climbs down the tree to warn Patrice and the others, feeling stupid for not leaving with the van.

As Sophie approaches the enclosure gate, she hears gunshots and screams. The shots scare Otto, who hides under a bush. Sophie curls around him as she listens to the sounds of the attack on the sanctuary and sees the young bonobos escape the nursery and climb into the surrounding trees. Sophie then hears the rebels approach the enclosure fence and realizes that she is visible. She cradles the terrified Otto in her arms and slowly moves further back into the enclosure. The pair come to a small clearing and sit down to rest. Sophie tries to play with Otto, but her trembling causes her to drop him, which confuses him. Otto senses Sophie’s sadness and tries to comfort her.

Part 3, Chapter 9 Summary

Sophie looks up and sees three male bonobos watching her. Sophie assumes a submissive position and waits. A bonobo named Mushie climbs on Sophie’s back and begins grooming her in friendship. The other adults join in the grooming, and Sophie is careful not to make eye contact, waiting until the apes become distracted by eating green shoots growing out of the ground. A female calls to the males, so they leave the clearing. Sophie goes limp with relief and holds Otto, recognizing her loneliness.

In the late afternoon, Sophie hears more gunfire from the sanctuary and realizes that the rebels might stay for a while. Afraid to risk traversing the jungle in the dark, Sophie and Otto sleep near a fallen tree. The next morning, Sophie wakes to find ten bonobos watching her. In front of the group is Anastasia, the matriarch. Sophie makes herself small and submissive as Anastasia shrieks at her. She sees Otto’s worried look and stands to retrieve and comfort him. This movement agitates Anastasia, so she charges Sophie, who runs and dives to protect Otto. Sophie waits for the matriarch’s attack, but when she looks up, she sees Anastasia watching her. The ape has become less aggressive upon seeing Sophie protect Otto. A female named Banalia pats Sophie and sits near her. Mushie imitates Anastasia’s charge, but when Sophie does not react, he sits down, too, and smiles at her. Sophie smiles back, agitating all of the bonobos. Anastasia charges the girl again, biting her on the arm. A bruise appears on Sophie’s arm immediately, but the wound is not severe. She knows that Anastasia is warning her and that the matriarch could easily kill her. Anastasia leaves, and Sophie realizes how thirsty she is. She takes Otto to the pond at the enclosure’s center and drinks from the murky water. Sophie then remembers that she has food in the duffle bag that she left outside the enclosure gate.

Part 3, Chapter 10 Summary

Sophie walks to the edge of the enclosure and sees eight soldiers positioned around the sanctuary. She also sees the bodies of the staff lying around the area. Sophie then spots her duffle bag less than 20 feet from the gate, so she creeps out of the enclosure to retrieve it, coming into full view of some of the soldiers. She recognizes one of the soldiers from the sanctuary driveway. Sophie grabs her bag and returns to the gate but stops when she hears a bonobo crying near the nursery. She drops her bag and walks along the nursery wall until she finds Mama Brunelle’s body. Next to her is Songololo, Anastasia’s daughter, tied to a stake in the ground by her wrist. Sophie takes Mama Brunelle’s wrap and bag to remember her by and releases the stake tethering Songololo. She walks back to the gate with Otto and Songololo clinging to her, but as she passes through, the stake catches on the gate, causing Songololo to shriek loudly. The soldiers begin shouting and running toward Sophie, who frees the stake and shuts the gate with her duffle bag because the electricity has returned. Sophie and the bonobos disappear into the jungle.

Part 3, Chapter 11 Summary

Sophie and Otto feast on granola bars from the duffle bag. Songololo refuses to go near Sophie, but she does allow Otto to sit with her and touch her injured wrist. Songololo follows Otto back to Sophie and accepts some food from her before moving a few feet away to watch them. As Sophie dozes off, Songololo steals some granola bars and socks from the bag and disappears into the jungle. Sophie and Otto wrap themselves in Sophie’s clothing and fall asleep on a rock.

The following day, Anastasia, Songololo, and the other adult females come to the pond to drink, uninterested in Sophie or Otto. When Anastasia swims across the pond near Sophie, Songololo breaks away and plays with Otto in the trees. As they play, Otto hits Songololo and causes her to fall to the ground. Anastasia immediately climbs the tree, grabs Otto, bites his foot, and throws him to the ground. Sophie runs to him, and when Anastasia drops from the tree, baring her teeth, Sophie bares her teeth in response and pushes the matriarch. She picks up Otto and realizes the bonobos are surrounding her with the sleeping rock to her back. Sophie reaches for the stake and hits Anastasia over the head, and all the other females back away. Anastasia tries to get the stake, eventually knocking it from Sophie’s hand and into the pond. The loud splash startles the bonobos, allowing Sophie to see that Otto’s foot is not severely injured.

The bonobos return to foraging, and Sophie joins Mushie and Banalia as they feed on the ground. She realizes that standing up to Anastasia and defending Otto has earned her a place in the group’s hierarchy. When the group finally leaves the clearing, Sophie follows while Otto and Songololo resume their play in the trees. In the afternoon heat, the bonobos sprawl out to nap. Songololo joins Otto after Anastasia rejects her. Sophie pulls out Mama Brunelle’s bag and looks through its contents, finding pages of notes about each bonobo. She reads and re-reads these notes to better understand her new friends.

Part 3, Chapter 12 Summary

At dusk, the foraging group moves to the enclosure’s center, so Sophie and Otto follow from a distance. Their group joins another, which investigates Sophie while Mushie stands guard over her. Anastasia continues to watch Sophie from a treetop. Rain begins to fall, so Sophie follows the other bonobos up the trees with Otto on her back, staying near Mushie. He ties branches together to create a platform, and when Sophie tries to create her own and fails, the male makes a platform for her before falling asleep.

Sophie wakes as she falls through the trees, scraping her arms and legs on the branches on the way down. She climbs back into her nest and sees Anastasia watching her. The matriarch charges Sophie with bared teeth, and Sophie realizes that she did not fall from her nest; Anastasia pushed her out just as she is doing now. Sophie falls again from the platform and makes her way to the ground. She creates a bed for herself and Otto and waits out the night.

When Sophie wakes the next morning, she is wet, sore, and congested, and she knows that she and Otto cannot sleep on the ground again. The rain is heavier that afternoon, so Sophie and Otto sit together under her rain poncho. Banalia eventually joins them, and Sophie watches as Anastasia rejects Songololo again. Sophie places Otto in Banalia’s lap and goes to Songololo, offering to pick her up. The young bonobo climbs into her arms and sits with Sophie and the others. Mushie then joins them, as does an older male named Ikwa. Later, Mushie makes Sophie a new nest closer to him and the other bonobos who have accepted her, but Sophie sees Anastasia constantly watching her.

Part 3, Chapter 13 Summary

For 10 days, Sophie climbs to the treetops to check the soldiers’ position. There are a dozen soldiers that Sophie recognizes, but sometimes they are joined by others. Occasionally, the soldiers will stand by the gate and call for her or the bonobos. Sophie can see that the men are starving, but she has plenty of food in the enclosure now that she forages with the bonobos, who they spend most of their time doing so. She knows that the apes will remain peaceful if the food remains plentiful.

After two weeks in the enclosure, the breadfruit begins to ripen. The bonobos bring Sophie the fruit, and she uses a rock to peel back the skin before returning it to them. Mushie continues to make nests for Sophie, but she does not fall asleep until she knows that Anastasia is sleeping. With Otto gaining more independence, Sophie gets to know the other adults, spending most of her time with Ikwa, an older male who is named after a village close to Florence’s release site. Ikwa and Sophie often sit on branches together and watch the sunset. She also learns that Mushie has a crush on Anastasia, who initially ignores his advances but eventually allows him to show her affection. At one point, Mushie wrestles with other young males and falls against the fence, which shows Sophie that the electricity is no longer working.

Part 3 Analysis

Because the majority of the action in this section takes place within the bonobo enclosure, the author seizes the opportunity to reveal a wealth of information about bonobo behavior and social hierarchy. One important element of the adults’ behavior is their familiarity with human interaction. While Florence is usually the only person allowed in the enclosure alone, her presence there has allowed the bonobos to understand that humans are there to help them. Mushie and the other foraging males exemplify this understanding when they first see Sophie in their space, for although they are curious about her, they do not immediately defend their territory against an outsider. Further, Sophie quickly learns the bonobo’s social hierarchy and luckily finds her place within it. The notes that Sophie finds in Mama Brunelle’s bag help her to learn more details about each adult, but she also observes their behavior to gain a better understanding of their hierarchy. By watching the bonobos’ grooming habits, she knows that Anastasia is the group’s leader because she is the only ape who grooms no one. On the other hand, Sophie sees that Mushie must be at the bottom of the order, because although he grooms the other adults, they do not groom him. While Sophie knows that the group accepts her and allows her to forage with them, she also knows that she is even lower than Mushie in the pecking order, because he will not groom her as he does the others. However, the fact that Mushie makes branch platforms for Sophie each night and keeps her nearby to protect her from Anastasia demonstrates that Sophie nonetheless has a place in the group, even if it is very low in the hierarchy.

This section also demonstrates Sophie’s developing relationships with the adult bonobos as she learns more about their behavior and personal characteristics. Once inside the enclosure, Sophie’s relationship with Otto helps encourage the other adults to protect her. For example, when the foraging males see Sophie for the first time, they are not aggressive both because they are somewhat used to human contact and because they also see that she is carrying Otto. Because she is actively caring for a bonobo youth, they trust her. Later, when Anastasia charges her, Sophie instinctively protects Otto, demonstrating her guardianship of him. This action causes Anastasia to pause her charge. As time passes, Otto spends more time away from Sophie, allowing her to get to know the other adult bonobos and develop a relationship with them. One in particular that she grows close to is Ikwa. The quiet moments that the two characters share symbolize the strong bond that can develop between a human and a primate. The two often sit harmoniously together, wanting nothing more than to enjoy each other’s company.

Finally, this section further develops two of the novel’s central themes. The first is Dedication and Self-Sacrifice. Sophie has already shown great self-sacrifice in leaving the UN van to stay with Otto and ensure his survival, and she continues that sacrifice when she runs into the adult enclosure to escape arrest. Now that the rebel soldiers have overtaken the sanctuary and killed Sophie’s friends, she continues to sacrifice her own well-being to ensure Otto’s survival and welfare. When Anastasia forces Sophie to sleep on the wet ground, Sophie places Otto on top of her to keep him dry and out of the mud. Likewise, when Anastasia bites Otto and throws him out of the tree, Sophie becomes so protective and angry— almost as if she were a bonobo herself—that she charges Anastasia. Sophie’s action is extremely risky and dangerous, yet it exhibits her devotion to Otto and her willingness to risk her own safety for his. One of the best examples of Sophie’s self-sacrifice occurs when she risks leaving the enclosure’s safety to get her duffle bag. By leaving the enclosure, she puts herself in full view of the rebel soldiers, who will kill her the instant they know she is there. She takes an additional risk when she hears Songololo cry out near the nursery and walks toward her instead of retreating back into the safety of the enclosure. Sophie’s sacrifice saves Anastasia’s daughter, but it also helps Sophie to mourn the loss of Mama Brunelle when Sophie takes her bag and wrap: items that will help her to honor the woman and to survive in the jungle.

The second theme developed in this section is that of Protecting the Endangered, for the sanctuary’s primary purpose is to protect bonobos, an endangered species. In a very literal sense, the electrified fence signifies physical protection from harm and guards both Sophie and the bonobos from the invading rebels, who view the bonobos as a food source. Likewise, Sophie herself embodies the philosophy of protecting the endangered throughout the novel, for she does her best to protect the bonobos from all danger. This dedication is exemplified by her devotion to Otto and the risk she takes to save Songololo and bring her into the enclosure. However, the theme works both ways, for the bonobos also protect Sophie, who is likewise endangered in this particular situation. Sophie enjoys the protection of the bonobo community in a variety of ways, for Mushie builds sleeping nests for Sophie and offers her some protection after Anastasia attacks her during her first night in the enclosure. The group also allows Sophie to forage for food with them, which provides her with sources of sustenance that she might not otherwise have discovered. This mutual sense of protection shows a symbiotic relationship between the apes and Sophie and emphasizes that the bonobos are not the only endangered species in the novel.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text