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The dragon is a classic symbol of Chinese mythology and its presence throughout the story emphasizes the ongoing importance of Chinese cultural elements in Moon Shadow Lee’s American life. The dragon evokes the Chinese worldview, beliefs, and values whenever it appears in the novel, creating a unique sense of traditional imagery that contrasts sharply with the backdrop of San Francisco. Dragon stories in the text also help the characters connect in a variety of ways. As a symbol, the dragon is also associated with Windrider Lee and his dream of flying, as well as with the larger idea of freedom inherent in the novel’s title.
In the narrative, dragons have both good and evil powers, depending on which culture is telling the story, but ultimately, they represent resilience and courage. The Dragon King story explains Windrider’s complex personality, describing him as a dragon in a former life and creating a sense of his innate boldness in his current life. In the story, the Dragon King advises Windrider to “behave as a true dragon” (40) in his quest to fly and define his life’s journey. Windrider therefore associates flying itself with the state of being a dragon and embracing the freedom and power that the image implies. For him, being a dragon and flying signifies “something better, purer, freer in this life” (195). Windrider’s dream of flying with Dragonwings therefore comes to symbolize his more philosophical quest for freedom. However, according to the Dragon King story, Windrider must “[pass] a series of tests” (40) in his mortal life before he can return as a dragon in the afterlife. The passage therefore suggests that a person must always confront life’s challenges with courage and resilience, just like a dragon would. Ultimately, Windrider realizes that acting like a dragon means navigating life in defiance of hardship and danger.
The Company, the group of men who run the laundromat in Chinatown, is a symbol of the Chinese American community and its resilience. Uncle Bright Star, the leader of the Company, refers to it as “an idea” and “a dream.” He emphasizes the principle that characterizes their bond, stating, “Men must help one another in dangerous times and places” (25). The Chinese community of San Francisco in the story is largely dominated by men who have been separated from their families and their homeland. The Company therefore saves them from their isolation by functioning as a family that supports and helps each of its members in times of crisis. Moon Shadow soon realizes that the men of the Company are like “brothers” (49). They nurture Moon Shadow as well, treating him “as a man and not a boy” (49) and contributing to his growth in positive ways as their values instill in him a strong sense of responsibility.
The true resilience of this remarkable community shines through when they must endure an attack by a mob of drunken white men. As the attackers vandalize the laundromat and other businesses in the area, the Company stands with “the same proud, silent expression” (30) as they confront this manifestation of racism with strength and dignity. The Company’s brotherhood also contrasts sharply with the criminal fraternities of Chinatown. For Windrider, the gangs “live off the misery of their brothers and sisters” (83), and the character of Black Dog in particular embodies the tensions that exist within the Chinese American community, for although he is part of the Chinese community, his selfish and dangerous actions cause irreparable harm to other members of the Company. Thus, he proves to be the main antagonistic force that obstructs Moon Shadow and Windrider’s goals. The Company’s familial bond, however, counters all adversities and demonstrates the true value of a functional community.
The Golden Mountain is a symbol of America and the American dream. It is a historical term broadly used by Chinese people to refer to North America during this time frame. It carries strong connotations of California in particular and references the search for wealth that characterized the famous Gold Rush. Moon Shadow begins his narration by describing America as “the Land of the Golden Mountain” (1). When he asks his grandmother about the name, she explains that “there’s a big mountain there” where men can “scoop the gold into big buckets” (6).
Upon arriving in America, Moon Shadow searches for a golden mountain, and when he sees none, he feels “disappointed” and “betrayed” (17). The passage alludes to the mythology of the American Dream and also describes the inevitable disillusionment that ensues when the reality cannot live up to the dream itself—a common experience for anyone who takes the idea of the American Dream literally. As Moon Shadow soon learns, the dream of finding golden opportunities in California is tarnished by the experience of racial discrimination and struggle that Chinese people face in the US. Moon Shadow’s disillusionment with San Francisco thus signifies the beginning of his long and difficult journey as a Chinese immigrant in America. By the end of the story, however, he has grown into a much stronger sense of himself, and the meaning of the golden mountain transforms yet again, becoming something infinitely more complex and significant than the idea of easy-to-find riches. Finally, for Moon Shadow, the golden mountain is not a feature of the city itself. Instead, it is made up of his community and friends. As he states, “I had found my mountain of gold, after all, and it had not been nuggets but people who had made it up: people like the Company and the Whitlaws” (210).
By Laurence Yep
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