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60 pages 2 hours read

Jesse Q. Sutanto

Dial A for Aunties

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2021

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Themes

Familial Duty Versus Independence

The conflict that can arise between the desire to show loyalty to one’s family, especially filial piety, and the desire to pursue independence play a major role in the novel and in Meddy’s character development. Family is extremely important to Meddy Chan on a cultural and personal level. Culturally, Meddy has been raised to respect her elders—even as an adult, she strives to listen to what they say and to do as they tell her. Personally, Meddy wants to support the women who raised her despite the family “curse,” which the women believe has killed or lured away all the men in their family (3). Yet Meddy also harbors a secret desire to leave home and pursue her own career.

Meddy’s family compounds Meddy’s guilt over wanting to leave home in several ways. The refrain that Meddy is a “good daughter” for staying close to home, compared to her male cousins, who only call for money now that they’ve moved across the country, weighs heavily on her. Her mother and aunts also have strong personalities that, given Meddy’s instinctive obedience, leave Meddy submissive, comparatively speaking. As a result, Meddy struggles to pursue any dreams that don’t align with her family’s expectations. At the start of the novel, most of Meddy’s decisions reflect this struggle. She stayed local for college instead of going to Columbia. She decided to live at home after graduation instead of moving to New York City with Nathan Chan, and she has joined the family business instead of working independently.

Meddy’s internal conflict in relation to this theme reached a climax once before in her life, prior to the events of the novel. At college, where she could be herself, free of commentary and judgment, she began to build a life with Nathan. In this case, she yielded to familial piety, subordinating herself and her dreams to what she felt her family wanted and needed. However, Meddy finds over the course of the story’s events that pushing aside her own dreams is taking an increasingly larger toll on her. That pressure only increases once Nathan comes back into her life at the wedding venue.

As the two forces of her life come together, that is, family versus her desire for independence (represented in part by Nathan), Meddy must learn to stand up for herself. At first, Meddy changes purely out of a need to keep the corpse hidden. Normally quiet and deferential at home, she unwittingly brings out the “Asian auntie within” (132) when she sees her family moving the cooler without her (132). She kisses Nathan, but mainly to distract him from the body. It is not until Ah Guan’s corpse is discovered on the altar that Meddy spills her secret feelings in full and begins to actively choose to take charge.

Despite her anxiety about her fledgling independence, Meddy channels her inner “Big Aunt” when she commands the hotel staff to take her to Nathan’s office and forces herself to be authoritative when she pretends to be Nathan’s attorney. In this way, Meddy embodies the idiom “fake it until you make it.” By the time Maureen holds her and her family at gunpoint, Meddy is both resolved to take the fall for her family and aware of her ability to problem solve by any means necessary. Though she is still guilty and apologetic for how her family found out about Nathan and her desire to quit the family business, Meddy doesn’t regret telling them. Meddy’s newfound confidence helps Jacqueline and Maureen realize their feelings for each other, solve the police conundrum, and, most importantly, gain her (relative) independence from her family. While they remain close, by the end of the novel, Meddy lives with Nathan and has her own photography studio. In this way, once Meddy is able to speak for herself, she is also able to find a happy balance between her filial piety and her own independent dreams.

Conversely, her aunts and mother also have their own journey toward balance. As immigrant women abandoned by their sons and husbands, they all look to Meddy as their “success child”: Like her cousins, Meddy graduated from college, but more importantly (and unlike her male cousins), Meddy doesn’t leave. To the older women, this is a blessing; what they don’t realize until the end of the novel is the pressure their joy puts on her. The aunties also grow through their relationships with each other. Sibling rivalries are typical, but theirs can take dramatic turns: Big Aunt and Second Aunt’s rivalry results in the corpse cooler being wheeled around the hotel too many times and the corpse being left with the groomsmen. Ma and Fourth Aunt’s rivalry results in the groomsmen getting drugged beyond functionality and Ah Guan’s corpse being brought to the altar. Meddy, as Ma’s daughter, sees her life become ammunition for their arguments. The aunties must also learn to balance their desires to prove their own independence with familial piety. It takes the chaos of their escapes, Meddy’s outburst, and Maureen’s theft plot to bring the aunties together. But in the end, as Meddy observes in a tongue-in-cheek fashion, they’re “so much more annoying now that they’re agreeing with each other” than when they fight (292).

The Karmic Justice of Honesty and Lies

When Meddy thinks she has killed Ah Guan, fearing police reprisal, she brings the body home. The moment that truly sets the events of the book in motion, however, is when the family decides to hide the body. The family’s decision represents their willingness in general to try to bury and dispose of important feelings rather than have difficult conversations with one another. The novel explores the consequences of such obfuscations and lies and the benefits of honesty.

Throughout the book, rather than cope with the difficult emotional tasks of setting boundaries with her Ma and aunts and introducing Nathan to her family, Meddy lies. She lies by omission to her family, subsequently getting pulled into the family business. She lies to Nathan, keeping her family from him and feigning indifference as she breaks up with him. Her continued assumption that all her lying is for the best, as demanding any measure of independence would be to “abandon her family” (2), is also a lie that she tells herself.

The necessity of lying becomes a vicious cycle throughout the book, and Meddy suffers continuously as a result. Due to the corpse, which symbolizes the secrets that Meddy is keeping, Meddy’s efforts to regain her footing are constantly thwarted. Meddy cannot come clean to Nathan about their breakup and her lingering feelings for him, especially once he spots Ah Guan’s feet and assumes the corpse is Meddy’s current boyfriend or one-night-stand. Meddy cannot organize her aunts, as showing any leadership might give away her desire for more independence. It is only once Meddy starts being honest that she can exercise some autonomy and start gaining control of the chaotic situation.

Maureen and Jacqueline face similar consequences for their lies. They both secretly pined for each other for years, but neither admitted their feelings, suffering in silence instead. In addition to this big emotional lie, Maureen starts lying even more in her effort to stop the wedding, teaming up with Ah Guan to steal the tea ceremony gifts—if only temporarily, in her mind. Maureen doubles down by deciding to frame Meddy as the thief, a particularly selfish lie. The cost of that lie is especially profound, as Maureen seems to lose Jacqueline’s friendship as a result. It is only when Meddy tricks Maureen into (unintentionally) revealing her feelings to Jacqueline that the two women find good fortune together, going from friends to spouses.

In contrast, unrepentant liars continue to be punished. Ah Guan, who manipulated Ma in setting Meddy up with him, died for his actions. Although his death was accidental, as more of his crimes come to light—including his intentions not to return the stolen gifts—his dishonesty, as well as his karmic punishment, become more emphasized. Tom Cruise Sutopo is first depicted as an eligible bachelor because of his looks, his family, and his connections; however, “he really is a shit” (280). His persona is a lie. He doesn’t care about Jacqueline, and he values unearned power over his soon-to-be wife’s feelings. Most tellingly, he refuses to admit that the groomsmen are hired actors because he has no friends. As these truths come to light, Tom Cruise Sutopo loses not only face, but also his bride—ironically to Maureen, the woman he tried to punish.

Loyalty Versus Fear and Selfishness

The theme of familial duty versus independence is often intertwined with the theme of loyalty versus fear and selfishness. Sutanto explores loyalty as a concept throughout the novel. The characters demonstrate how true loyalty is selfless and how selfishness, especially when rooted in a fear of hurting or losing those we love, can therefore undermine our best efforts to be loyal.

Meddy is extremely loyal to her family. As much as they frustrate and exasperate her, she would never betray them. At the start of the novel, she perceives her decision to join the family business rather than pursue a future with Nathan as a display of her loyalty. However, the flashbacks and events of the novel reveal that this choice was really more of a way for Meddy to avoid confrontation. It was, in fact, a selfish decision rooted in fear. Throughout the family’s corpse disposal antics, as Meddy wrestles with her own “corpse” (that is, her secret past relationship with Nathan and desire for independence), she comes to realize that true loyalty to her family requires her to set aside her fears and be honest with them.

Meddy’s character arc takes a similar journey in her relationship with Nathan. In college, Meddy broke up with Nathan so that he could chase his dream career in New York City, pretending that the breakup was not a big deal to her. At the time, she perceives this action as an act of loyalty rooted in love. Again, though, Meddy was acting out of fear, selfishly seeking to avoid taking an emotional risk. Only once Meddy comes to understand that loyalty involves selflessness and emotional courage is she able to take a risk on Nathan’s behalf, that is, pretending to be his attorney to free him from unjust arrest by the sheriff.

The Chans are also fiercely loyal to Meddy and to each other. Despite the danger, her family is willing to help Meddy dispose of Ah Guan’s corpse. However, the family members often allow their sibling rivalries and chaotic natures to impede their progress. It is in the moments when Meddy’s mother and aunts set aside their egos that they are able to support Meddy best. Nathan similarly demonstrates a shift from his focus on his own hurt feelings over their breakup to being willing to help Meddy whatever it takes. When he figures out Meddy’s corpse disposal problem, he keeps quiet about it until the altar disaster. He is even willing, and arguably determined, to take the fall for her even if doing so costs him his career—the very thing Meddy had hoped her absence would cause him to prioritize.

Maureen also struggles with her loyalty to Jacqueline. Much like Meddy, she has long swallowed her romantic feelings for Jacqueline not out of loyalty, but out of fear. Even when she recognizes that Tom is bad for Jacqueline, rather than find the courage to confess, Maureen steals the wedding gifts in an attempt to stop the wedding, albeit intending to return them afterward. When her friendship with Jacqueline collapses too, getting that friendship back becomes Maureen’s motivation for every drastic action she takes, including holding the Chans at gunpoint. It is only once Maureen voices her true motivation out loud that Jacqueline forgives her and expresses her mutual feelings.

Intergenerational Immigration

The stories of immigrants and their descendants are not a monolith. Everyone has their own stories, and Sutanto makes that abundantly clear as she contrasts the circumstances of three immigrant families in the novel: Meddy’s family, Nathan’s family, and the wedding couple.

Meddy’s family, while no longer poor, have had their share of financial troubles. Ma and the aunts immigrated from Indonesia and had to start their new life from scratch, often as single mothers. For a long time, they even lived together. Meddy and Ma didn’t move out until the year before the events of the novel. As a result, the Chans are a chaotic, squabbling, but close-knit family. They support each other even through accidental murder, and they are very proud of their Chinese Indonesian heritage, using their culture as a basis for their family-run wedding business—they are tangentially connected to the wedding party and hired as wedding vendors because of this business. The women meet for weekly dim sum and converse in three languages, Chinese, Indonesian, and English, though they know more, as evidenced by their curse words.

Meddy, who was born and raised in the US, has a more tenuous connection with her heritage. Fluent only in English, she speaks halting Mandarin and Indonesian and is often told to just speak in English to make herself understood. She values her cultural heritage, as evidenced by her appreciation of the wedding dress and jewelry, both created by Indonesian designers. She emulates the customs she was raised with, such as respecting her elders by giving them the best servings of food and letting them give her, if unwanted, at least well-intentioned advice. However, she is more disconnected from her culture, evidenced by her discomfort in asserting herself at the dim sum restaurant lunch and with her family in general.

Meddy also struggles to align her family with her relationship with Nathan. In part, this is because of her desire for privacy, but the stark differences between her family and his are also relevant. Nathan is British, lending European cultural differences to the mix, and his family dynamic is a stark contrast to hers. His mother is white while his father is Hong Kong Chinese. Though Meddy shares his mother’s surname, the similarities end there. Nathan’s family is friendly but reserved. Their home “has been featured in Home & Garden magazine” (43), while Meddy once found “not even mold but like full-grown mushrooms” (44) growing in a discarded mug at her home. Struggling to face the cultural, national, and class differences between her quirky family and his refined one, Meddy instead opts to separate them, leading to her break-up with Nathan.

However, Jacqueline and Tom’s families are wealthy and influential, making their wedding highly important for all the Chans’ careers—Nathan for his hotel, Meddy and her family for their wedding business. Thousands of guests attend, many traveling from Indonesia, and the wedding gifts are worth at least $2 million in US dollars. While Jacqueline and Tom’s abilities are not mentioned, Ah Guan and Maureen’s linguistic fluencies are lauded (20, 267), further adding to Meddy’s insecurities and perceived social differences from them. Despite their differences, however, they all share an important trait: They are immigrants, or descendants of immigrants, and they are proud of their heritage, whatever forms that pride may take.

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