56 pages • 1 hour read
Michael BlakeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Ten Bears likes Dunbar and assigns to Kicking Bird the job of maintaining contact with him and teaching him more Comanche words. Ten Bears also worries that the buffalo haven’t yet appeared, and that the band’s food supplies will soon be exhausted. They must hold a sacred dance within the week, and Kicking Bird will oversee preparations.
Suddenly swamped with responsibilities—including his two wives, four children, newly adopted Stands With A Fist, visits to the sick, and preparing of new medicines—Kicking Bird forms a plan. He calls Stands With A Fist to his lodge and asks her to be his interpreter with the white soldier. Stands With A Fist fears that the white soldiers will take her away from her village. Kicking Bird reminds her that 100 soldiers are something to fear, not one. He instructs her to go some distance from the camp and remember the old words she used to speak.
Stands With A Fist does as she is asked and walks along a path beyond the river. She hates the white soldier, she hates Kicking Bird for making her do this thing, and she hates the Great Spirit for visiting one more cruelty upon her. She tries to remember the old words, but none come forth. Finally, she finds a grassy spot beneath a cottonwood and sits heavily against the tree trunk. Frustrated, she rubs her eyes, and suddenly memories from her distant past flood her, along with the words she used to speak.
She remembers her childhood in a sod house also shaded by cottonwoods, and the day when she lay on the roof holding hands with her friend Willie. The Pawnee came by, as they often did, and this time argued for her father to give them something—whiskey, perhaps. He refused, and they killed him with a hatchet and attacked the house. Stands With A Fist (then named Christine) ran away and hid all night in a hole in a steep hillside. The hole was small, and she became trapped. In the morning, she heard hoofbeats and cried out, and Comanche warriors rescued her. The men debated keeping or killing her; the leader, a young warrior named Kicking Bird, argued for keeping her and won out. She grew up with them and learned to love them; memories of her old family faded to nothing until Kicking Bird asks her to remember her old language.
Stands With A Fist recalls when a Pawnee was captured several years earlier, and she led a group of women who charged at the prisoner, “pulled him from his horse and cut him to pieces on the spot” (143). She was eager to take more revenge on the Pawnee. Feeling stronger, she realizes that the white soldier no longer scares her, and that her job as translator will be no problem.
Dunbar is invited to visit the Comanche camp. He goes there and sits with Kicking Bird in his tent; Stands With A Fist sits in the background. Kicking Bird shares a tobacco pipe with Dunbar—it’s acrid but richly aromatic—and the medicine man motions for Stands With A Fist to approach. Dunbar stands up politely in the white man’s way, which causes Stands With A Fist, thinking she is being attacked, to leap at him with a knife. Kicking Bird pulls them apart. Dunbar gestures with bows that he was being courteous; Kicking Bird understands; carefully, he signals to her to begin again. Dunbar remains seated.
Kicking Bird gestures to Dunbar to say something. Dunbar says, “Hello” twice. Stands With A Fist struggles to say “Hulo.” Kicking Bird is delighted. Dunbar tells her his first name, “John.” She replies, “Willie,” the name of her childhood friend. He repeats his name; Stands With A Fist says, “Jun.” They continue with simple words. She remembers them, but her tongue is rusty. Kicking Bird is called away to officiate at the sacred dance. Knowing he is not invited, Dunbar retrieves Cisco and rides away.
Two Socks now lives at the fort. As Dunbar returns, the wolf rises from under the awning and ambles over to sit in the yard. Dunbar finds, beneath the awning, a freshly killed prairie chicken, its neck damaged but otherwise undisturbed. Dunbar plucks and roasts it, then he eats, tossing pieces of the meat to Two Socks. Finished, he throws the remaining carcass toward the wolf, who takes it and trots off.
Late that night, Dunbar is awakened by a loud rumbling. He walks to the edge of the yard and sees a cloud of dust and the dim shapes of buffalo hurrying past. Dunbar jumps aboard Cisco and rides to the camp. He interrupts a sacred dance, his horse rearing, Dunbar calling out the Comanche word for “buffalo,” but warriors grab him and begin to beat him. Kicking Bird clears them away, and Dunbar, numb from the beating, whispers again and again the word for “buffalo.” Kicking Bird turns and shouts that the buffalo have returned; the villagers roar with joy.
The entire village loads up at dawn and begins the journey toward where Dunbar had seen the buffalo. Dunbar, suddenly a hero, rides with them. They find the buffalo tracks, and scouts spread out to locate the main herd. Dunbar stops briefly at the fort to collect some gear.
Scouts report back; something is wrong. They continue toward the main herd; along the way, they find more than two dozen buffalo lying dead, their hides and tongues missing, ravens fighting each other for the remains. Wolves loom in the distance.
Late in the afternoon, the tribe reaches the hunting grounds and pitches camp. Dunbar accompanies the men as they climb a hill and peer over it to gaze upon a 10-mile valley covered with tens of thousands of buffalo. Dunbar blinks in wonder, his mouth agape. Finally the men pull away and ride back to their new camp.
At camp, people are celebrating; off to one side is a wagon. Dunbar approaches and sees on it the hides from the dead buffalo. Nearby warriors’ lances carry the scalps of white men. Dunbar realizes the tribe has caught and killed the men who butchered the buffalo. He can’t be a party to this, so he gathers his gear and rides some miles into the prairie, where he beds down, sobbing once again at his loneliness.
Early in the morning, something pokes at him. Dunbar wakens to find Wind In His Hair nudging him with his foot. The warrior sports a new rifle; he aims down it at the prairie, makes a gesture of eating food, and kicks at Dunbar again. The hunt is on.
Dunbar joins the hunters as they approach the buffalo from downwind in a wide arc that slowly closes around a section of the giant herd. Suddenly the beasts stampede. The men give chase, but Cisco is the fastest horse; Dunbar can’t slow him—his hat flies off—and soon he and the horse have left the others behind and are caught amid the stampeding beasts. A bull tries to gore Cisco, but the horse darts away; Dunbar fires at the beast and it goes down.
The buffalo thunder away; Dunbar and Cisco pull up. Dunbar watches as the other hunters fire arrows into buffalo. He dismounts and examines his own kill, pulling on the horns, running his hand along its back. His stomach growls; he’s hungry.
Wind In His Hair rides up, dismounts, cuts out the buffalo’s liver, and offers it to Dunbar. He accepts it, then coyly offers it back. Wind In His Hair takes a bite out of the liver, then hands it around. Stands With A Fist arrives with another woman and begins to skin the animal. Kicking Bear watches. The liver comes back to Dunbar, who gingerly takes a bite, expecting it to be nauseating, but he finds it delicious. He takes a second bite, then holds the liver up over his head in triumph. The others cheer.
From the moment he eats the liver, Dunbar’s life changes. The old Army concepts of service and sacrifice suddenly become real and meaningful to him as he works alongside the Comanche. The villagers swarm over the dead beasts, their work messy but efficient: “They took everything: hides, meat, guts, hooves, tails, heads” (177). When they are finished, only blood stains remain on the prairie.
Their work done, the men loll about, eating and swapping stories of the kill. They ask Dunbar to relate his adventure, and he mimes what happened, which generates gales of laughter. He must repeat the performance several times to the rest of the hunters. Dunbar realizes that, despite the humor at his expense, he has become “one of the boys” (178).
Back at the camp, Dunbar sees one of the men wearing his hat. He approaches him and points to the hat. The warrior removes from his belt a knife in a beautifully beaded sheath and hands it to Dunbar, then walks away; the exchange is done. Other villagers greet him warmly; kids follow him around. They see him as a walking good-luck talisman.
Kicking Bird brings Dunbar to Ten Bear’s lodge, where the chief offers the lieutenant the first slab from his own kill. Dunbar takes a bite, then politely proffers it back, which impresses the leader, who lights a pipe and gives the first puff to Dunbar.
The feast lasts into the night; the villagers gorge themselves. Wind In His Hair presents Dunbar to the various campfires; the young soldier is treated royally and stuffed with food. Late in the evening, Wind In His Hair expresses interest in the shiny buttons on Dunbar’s tunic, touching them to see if the shine comes off. Dunbar offers the shirt to his new friend, who promptly removes his elegant breastplate and hands it to Dunbar. With signs, they argue pleasantly for a moment, each thinking he has gotten much the better deal, but the trade is made. They help each other don their new adornments.
A group of women pull him into a dance, and Dunbar loses himself in the steps. The women move closer until they are pressing themselves against him and running their hands over his body. Suddenly they shy and melt away, and Dunbar looks up to see Kicking Bird watching. The medicine man turns and walks off; Dunbar follows. They visit a campfire and Dunbar is treated to yet more meat.
Stuffed again and sleepy, Dunbar is led away by Kicking Bird, who takes him to his lodge and guides him to a bed carefully prepared for him. Exhausted, Dunbar falls asleep to memories of the dancing women. He awakens in the middle of the night to the sounds of Kicking Bird and one of his wives making love. Nearby, Stands With A Fist sleeps quietly. Dunbar wonders about her: She seems like two people in one.
Dunbar wakes early; as dawn brightens, he walks barefoot across the dewy grass to the horses, where he gathers Cisco and leads him back. The camp is waking up, and Dunbar is overwhelmed by the sense of beauty and harmony there. That day, the buffalo hunt continues, and Dunbar bags a large cow, which garners compliments from the other warriors. In the evening, drying racks groan under the weight of yet more meat, and the villagers feast again.
A dice game is under way, and Dunbar loses all of his pouch tobacco learning how it’s played. He gets better at it—he even wagers his rifle—has a streak of luck, and ends up the owner of three ponies. Dunbar gives one to Wind In His Hair and offers the other two to Kicking Bird, who brings out Stands With A Fist and tells her something. She turns to Dunbar and explains, in halting but improved English, that Kicking Bird thanks him but can accept only one pony. Dunbar repeats her explanation, and she says, “Correct.” They both laugh at the formal word.
Dunbar takes the remaining horse to Ten Bear’s lodge and gives it to him. Without knowing it, Dunbar has neatly reversed the Comanche tradition of the wealthy giving to the less-well-off. The chief thinks this white soldier is “truly extraordinary.” At dawn, the temporary camp closes up, and the villagers begin the trek back to their permanent camp, dragging huge piles of buffalo flesh with them. As they pass Fort Sedgewick, they unload hundreds of pounds of jerked meat into Dunbar’s storage hut and say goodbye.
Dunbar relaxes, but before long he begins to itch with boredom and loneliness. In the evening he walks along the river, wearing his new breastplate, which glints brightly under the full moon, and enjoys the natural world around him. The next day, his chores done, Dunbar pulls off his sweaty clothes and goes for a late-afternoon walk naked through the prairie grass; at one point, he lies down for a nap as puffy clouds wheel above him in an azure sky.
The next morning, on waking, he decides to return to the Comanche village. Two Socks awaits him in the yard. Dunbar departs on Cisco, wearing his new Comanche breastplate. The wolf follows at a distance. With the success of the first buffalo hunts, Kicking Bird can concentrate on learning more about the white people. He gathers two warriors and rides off toward the white soldier’s fort.
Four miles into Dunbar’s ride, Two Socks still accompanies him. The lieutenant, concerned that the wolf will be an unwanted guest at camp, dismounts and approaches him, assuming the wolf will run off, but he doesn’t. They stand three feet apart. Dunbar tries to shoo Two Socks away, but the creature darts to one side and howls plaintively.
Dunbar chases him, then turns and runs toward Cisco, hoping to escape, but Two Socks catches up and lopes next to him. Dunbar reaches down and pinches Two Sock’s tail; the creature jumps and bolts ahead. Dunbar laughs at the wolf’s embarrassment, then jogs over to Cisco. Something bites his ankle, and he spins around in alarm: It’s Two Socks. With a shrug, Dunbar gives up. The wolf can tag along if he pleases.
Two Socks suddenly alerts on something in the distance and slinks away. Dunbar turns and sees Kicking Bird and two other warriors on horseback. They have watched the display between wolf and man. Dunbar waves. Kicking Bird rides toward him, finally knowing what the white soldier’s Comanche name should be: “Dances With Wolves” (202).
Beginning with Chapter 16, Dunbar becomes a welcome guest of the Comanche. He proves a worthy buffalo hunter; his competence and bravery make him a celebrity. He, in turn, discovers a sense of family and belonging that he hasn’t known before.
In Chapter 10, Stands With A Fist is 26 years old and 12 years a Comanche. Thus, she was 14 when first brought to their camp. In the Chapter 16 flashback, the young Christine holds hands with a boy, and they are thinking about kissing and even about eloping some day, when a party of Pawnee attack her family’s home and she runs away, “her skinny seven-year-old legs churning up the draw behind the house” (138). The next day she is rescued by the Comanche, who become her new family. The reader will be excused for wondering if Christine is both seven years old and a 14-year-old at the same time. The reader must decide.
Stands With A Fist is based loosely on a historical figure, Cynthia Ann Parker, who was kidnapped by Comanche in 1836, lived with them for 24 years, married a chief, raised children, and then was “rescued” against her will by a white family member. (Her son, Quanah Parker, became a prominent Comanche leader in the resistance against the white invasion, later working to protect his people’s religious heritage.) Another book, The Searchers, also based its story on Parker’s history; in 1956, it, too, was made into an iconic Western film.
Dunbar’s Comanche name, Dances With Wolves, eloquently expresses the lieutenant’s need to flirt with wildness and his courage in doing so. It captures the humor that surrounds him as well as his compassion for wild things. His openness and lack of bias about the creatures and people he meets on the frontier—an innocent delight that most white settlers lack—gives him a knack for catching prairie residents at their surprising best.
It would seem unlikely that a wolf—a creature long feared and despised by humans for its reputation as killers of humans—might lope forward and try to become friends with Dunbar. Paleontologists and animal researchers have concluded, however, that the first dogs descended from wolves who, thousands of years ago, were drawn to human trash piles, cooking fires, and finally the humans themselves as companions. People and wolves, both highly social creatures, made mutual alliances, hunting together to the benefit of both groups. Over the generations, the wolves morphed into the hunting dogs and other varieties of canine popular to this day. In short, enemies became friends and allies, which reflects the approach Dunbar takes as he navigates the frontier world.