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84 pages 2 hours read

Avi

Crispin: The Cross of Lead

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2002

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Chapters 16-32Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary

Curious and scared, Crispin looks through a window into the broken-down church and sees an enormous man dressed in ragged but colorful clothing, whom he later comes to know as Bear. After Bear sings and laughs for a moment longer, he spots Crispin and questions him. Crispin gives evasive answers and claims that he is looking for his father.

 

When Bear learns that Crispin is hungry, he makes a speech blaming widespread hunger in England on the king and his greedy officials, then asks what Crispin thinks. When Crispin responds that Bear’s words sound treasonous, Bear becomes angry and declares, “So be it. I hate all tyranny” (65). Bear then softens and offers Crispin bread. As Crispin moves to accept it, Bear grabs him by the wrist.

Chapter 17 Summary

Bear holds onto Crispin and forcefully questions him. Crispin admits that he fled his village after the steward accused him of theft and proclaimed him a wolf’s head. When Bear learns that both of Crispin’s parents are dead, he releases him but blocks his exit from the church.

Chapter 18 Summary

Bear declares himself to be Crispin’s new lord and threatens to take Crispin back to Stromford if he disobeys. He explains that the man Crispin saw hanging from the gallows was killed for withholding a pound of wool from his lord to feed his family, implying the same could happen to Crispin. Crispin begs for mercy, and Bear makes him swear a sacred oath to stay with Bear.

Chapter 19 Summary

Bear gives Crispin bread, and he eats it while crouching in a corner. Seeing his fear, Bear asks Crispin whether he expected to live without a master, then hints that he believes someday no one will claim mastery of anyone else. Crispin is shocked by Bear’s apparently treasonous language.

Bear invites Crispin to ask questions to learn more about his new master, but Crispin refuses. Bear explains that he is a wandering entertainer. Under pressure, Crispin reveals his name to Bear, who is surprised that Crispin has such a “fine and noble” name (76).

Bear explains that his name is Orson Hrothgar, but people call him “Bear” because of his size and strength, as well as his alternately gentle and ferocious nature. Bear explains that he plans to meet someone in Great Wexly in a few weeks. He tosses his bag to Crispin for him to carry as they walk.

Chapter 20 Summary

Crispin and Bear leave the village and walk all day. Crispin feels sorry for himself. He asks Bear why there are no people around, and Bear confirms that the people who lived in the area died of the plague. When Crispin calls Bear “sir,” Bear tells him not to use such a “servile” term. They stop to rest.

Chapter 21 Summary

Crispin and Bear eat bread in a wooded area. Bear explains that he grew up in York. At the age of 12, his father enrolled him in training to become a monk. Seven years later, Bear stumbled across a group of entertainers whose performances and laughter enchanted him, and he left his religious training to join them. Eventually, the group disbanded. When Crispin asks what Bear intends for him, Bear begins teaching him to juggle. He also teaches him to sing as they resume their walking.

Chapter 22 Summary

That evening, Bear ties Crispin to a tree to keep him from running away while he goes hunting. Bear returns a while later with a rabbit, which he cooks over a fire and shares with Crispin. Bear admits that he poached the rabbit since food is scarce. Crispin relishes the meal.

After dark, Bear tells Crispin stories of his past adventures, including his time as a soldier fighting in France under Edward the Black Prince. As he talks, Bear often laughs, but he also becomes angry when discussing “the injustices of the world” (91). Crispin asks him about Lord Furnival, who also fought in the war. Bear explains that Lord Furnival’s primary home is in Great Wexly, their destination. As a soldier, Lord Furnival was cruel and prideful. When Crispin accidentally reveals that he comes from Stromford, Bear asks him to tell the truth about his past.

Chapter 23 Summary

Crispin tells Bear about his mother. He explains that the people shunned her and that she was sometimes kind to Crispin but at other times found him repulsive. When Bear asks about Crispin’s father and other relatives, Crispin explains that, according to his mother, they all died of the plague. Bear asks why Crispin was declared to be a wolf’s head.

Chapter 24 Summary

Crispin tells Bear everything he remembers about why he ran away from Stromford, including Father Quinel’s death. He speculates that Aycliffe wanted to stop Father Quinel from telling Crispin something about his parents. Seeing Crispin’s sadness, Bear advises him to learn to laugh. When Crispin points out that he has no real freedom as a serf, Bear offers Crispin the choice of continuing with him, explaining, “Should not every man be master of himself?” (98). Crispin refuses to decide, angering Bear, who commands him to remain in his service.

Before going to bed, Crispin pulls out his mother’s lead cross to pray. Bear tells him that there is no need for such objects to approach God. Shocked, Crispin turns away from Bear and finishes his prayer. As he falls asleep, he ponders Bear’s teachings.

Chapter 25 Summary

The next day, Bear begins explaining how he goes about his work. Crispin interrupts him to complain that Bear expects too much of him. When Bear asks whether Crispin aspires to be different or better than he is, Crispin says that it is up to God to change him or not. Bear leads Crispin to a nearby stream where he shows him his reflection, then cuts his hair and has him wash his face. Seeing his changed reflection, Crispin wonders “what it would be like to alter the rest of myself as well” (105).

Bear resumes training Crispin. He explains that when he arrives at a village, he tries to find favor from a priest or local official before performing. When Crispin expresses concern that someone may recognize him, Bear assures him that is unlikely. He also promises to teach him music. Crispin confesses that sometimes he feels as if he has no soul.

Chapter 26 Summary

Bear shows Crispin how to play the recorder. Crispin struggles and resists, but Bear threatens him. Crispin can tell that Bear wouldn’t really harm him and soon manages to play a simple tune to his and Bear’s delight. Throughout the afternoon, Bear continues to teach him and soon starts adding in his own drum playing, dancing, and singing. When Bear explains that Crispin’s music will help them make money, Crispin smiles.

That night, Bear tells Crispin that they will enter the village of Burley the next day. After Bear falls asleep, Crispin prays to Saint Giles using Asta’s cross.

Chapter 27 Summary

The next morning, Bear and Crispin continue down the road. When Bear spots a flock of agitated pigeons, he and Crispin move forward carefully to investigate. They spot a group of men guarding a bridge further down the road; Crispin points out one of them as Aycliffe. After Crispin reaffirms his innocence, Bear realizes that Aycliffe must have some unknown reason for pursuing Crispin. Bear and Crispin move off the road in a different direction to avoid Aycliffe.

Chapter 28 Summary

They stay off the main roads for the rest of that day. Bear teaches Crispin how to trap birds, and they eat two pigeons for dinner. That night, Crispin remembers and tells Bear two facts he forgot to mention earlier: First, du Brey, the man Aycliffe met in the woods, appeared to be a wealthy man, and second, Asta wrote the words on his cross. Bear holds the cross in the firelight and reads it. Crispin asks what it says, but Bear pretends he can’t see it in the weak light and goes to sleep.

Chapter 29 Summary

The next morning, Bear is unusually quiet as they walk. They soon arrive at a path, which they begin to follow. Hearing church bells ahead, they prepare to enter a village. Bear warns Crispin to run away if there is any trouble. He also explains his plan to arrive in Great Wexly by June 23 to meet with members of a brotherhood he belongs to, the purpose of which is “to make things better. To bring some change” (120). As a member, Bear travels through the kingdom to see whether the time is right to demand reforms.

Crispin asks Bear about the writing on the cross, but Bear changes the subject.

Chapter 30 Summary

Bear and Crispin approach the village of Lodgecot, which is much like Stromford. Bear dances to Crispin’s recorder as they enter the village. They make their way to the church, where Bear introduces himself and Crispin to a priest. After Bear sings a hymn and tells the priest that they are on a pilgrimage, the priest blesses them. The villagers gather, and Bear juggles for them. He takes a bowl from a young one-eyed man and juggles it along with the balls. The man tries to take his bowl back, but Bear only tosses it higher, to the crowd’s amusement. Crispin removes Bear’s hat and holds it upside down; a few people toss in coins and bread. After the performance ends, Crispin and Bear answer people’s questions, but they are careful not to give away Crispin’s true identity.

The priest leads them into the church and asks them about their plans. He tells them to watch out for a murderer; Crispin realizes that the priest is talking about him and that Aycliffe now accuses him of murdering Father Quinel. Crispin spots the one-eyed man looking at him closely. The priest also mentions that Lord Furnival, who rules not only Stromford but also the surrounding area, is back in England but very sick.

Chapter 31 Summary

Bear and Crispin leave Lodgecot that afternoon, playing music and dancing as they go. When Crispin expresses his concerns about Aycliffe’s ongoing search for him, Bear teaches him to be careful but not to waste energy worrying. After counting their earnings, Bear gives a portion to Crispin, telling him that they are “free men” and that he earned it (134).

Chapter 32 Summary

Over the next 20 days, Bear and Crispin perform in several more villages. Crispin learns more music, performs as a juggler, and is happy. Bear instructs Crispin in fighting, mending clothes, and trapping animals. On one occasion, Crispin asks Bear where his social confidence comes from; Bear explains that eye contact is key, and Crispin resolves to look people in the eyes instead of looking at the ground as he usually does.

One night, Bear tells Crispin that they will enter Great Wexly the next day. He adds that he hopes to avoid detection by Lord Furnival, whom he blames for the misery of the people in the villages they visited. When Crispin expresses his uncertainty about the future, Bear offers to make him his apprentice. Crispin accepts but still wonders whether to trust Bear. He is about to pray for guidance but instead decides to "make the decision for myself” to trust Bear (138).

Chapters 16-32 Analysis

These chapters center on Crispin’s developing relationship with Bear, who becomes a mentor and a father figure to him. This gives Crispin's comment, when he first encounters Bear, that he is looking for his father, double meaning since Bear cares for Crispin (and even presents him to others) as a son. In another sense, Crispin is looking for the truth about his biological father as well since his search for the truth will lead him to confront his heritage as a son of Lord Furnival.

The scene of Bear’s first appearance indicates his major character attributes. Crispin first hears his singing voice, which reveals his role as an entertainer. His song is a sorrowful one, showing Bear’s sensitivity and his function as a commentator on Crispin's world. Conversely, this scene also reveals Bear’s use of humor as a coping mechanism for dealing with sadness. Shortly after singing the depressing song, Bear lets out a “booming laugh as if he’d just heard a rare jest. He laughed so hard he put down his drum and opened his eyes” (62). Crispin first sees Bear sitting alone in an empty church, hinting at Bear’s nuanced views of God and religion: Bear doesn’t care much for organized religion, though he respects well-intentioned priests, but he does believe that people are individually responsible to a higher power.

At first, Bear and Crispin don’t fully trust each other, and each puts up barriers to the other. Bear claims to oppose the idea that one person can be master of another, but he claims Crispin as a servant and forces him to accompany him; over time, it becomes clear that he does so with Crispin’s best interests at heart, not out of any desire to exploit or oppress him. Crispin, for his part, is frightened of Bear at first and resigns himself to a life of servitude. Whenever Bear invites him to take the initiative, Crispin deflects the questions back to Bear, whom he refers to as his master, knowing that it will annoy him. At this point, with his upbringing as a servant of Lord Furnival, Crispin sees himself as a passive agent, unable to act or decide for himself, which sets the stage for Avi’s exploration of Will Versus Fate.

As Bear gains Crispin’s trust, however, Crispin gains a sense of confidence and autonomy. After Bear shares his past with Crispin, Crispin reciprocates, telling Bear the truth about his departure from Stromford. Their vulnerability opens a connection between them, at least until Crispin rejects Bear’s first offer to choose for himself whether to stay with Bear or leave. Only later, after learning to work as an entertainer, does Crispin’s self-esteem rise, including his assurance that he does in fact possess a soul. With his newfound sense of self also comes the possibility of personal change, which Bear emphasizes when he shows Crispin his reflection in the water, inviting Crispin to be mindful of himself instead of letting outside influences control him.

By the end of this section, Crispin takes a first step toward deciding for himself when he resolves to trust Bear as a result of his own judgment rather than relying on prayer. He also begins to adopt Bear as something of a role model, as when he resolves to be more observant, like Bear, after Bear spots the pigeons that warn them of Aycliffe’s men. Similarly, Crispin seeks to emulate Bear’s confidence in dealing with others by making eye contact more regularly.

The significance of Crispin’s cross of lead, which lends the novel its title, begins to emerge in this section. At this point in his journey, Crispin primarily uses the cross as an aid in his prayers and as a connection to and reminder of his past. He is conflicted, however, when Bear suggests that such objects are not necessary or helpful in prayer. Throughout most of this section, Crispin continues to pray using the cross, though he makes his own decision instead of praying in Chapter 32. The cross therefore serves as a barometer of Crispin’s relationship with his complicated past. As Bear gains influence over Crispin, the cross and Crispin’s former way of life begin to fade.

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