46 pages • 1 hour read
Cormac McCarthyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In 1952, John Grady Cole and Billy Parham work on a cattle ranch in New Mexico, near the cities of Alamogordo, El Paso, and Ciudad Juarez. They visit a brothel in Juarez one stormy evening with their colleague Troy. While deciding which sex worker to hire, the men sip alcohol and share memories. John Grady declines the women’s attentions until he spots a young teenage girl. Despite the other men urging him to speak to her, John Grady refuses. The men leave the brothel and walk through the rain to a restaurant. After dinner, they return over the border into Texas and the ranch house where they work as cowboys.
The next day, John Grady wakes before dawn. He tends to the horses and then rouses Billy, who reluctantly leaves his bed and eats breakfast with the other cowboys. After eating, the men take a truck out onto the ranch. At lunchtime, they talk about the rumors of the military buying the ranch. The elderly Mac, who owns the ranch, changed after the death of his daughter. Billy was romantically interested in Mac’s daughter and stayed on at the ranch even after she got sick and died in her late thirties.
The next day, John Grady attempts to train a lively colt. The other men watch; John Grady is an exceptionally skilled horse trainer, and the other men do not understand his bond with the animals, wondering whether he is a “specialist in spoiled horses” (11). Later, Billy returns from the town and discovers that John Grady was injured while training the horse. Billy finds John Grady in the barn, heavily limping but refusing to stay away from the horse that injured him. After a long struggle, John Grady lassos “the crazed horse” (13).
Billy and Troy drink whiskey and drive out to meet Troy’s brother Elton and his wife Rachel. John Grady is elsewhere, claiming that he has something “he needed to do” (15). While they drive, Troy tells stories from his past. After dinner with Elton’s family, Billy and Troy sit with Elton on the porch and drink. They discuss sex workers, war records, and their shared experiences.
The next day, Billy and Troy ride across the plain. Rachel has packed sandwiches, coffee, and soup for their lunch. Troy recalls how his brother Johnny constantly fought with their father. Eventually, Johnny won. After leaving Elton’s house that evening, they discuss the possibility of working in the area. Troy knows that he will not work there.
As Troy and Billy drive back to the ranch where they work, they come across a group of Mexicans standing beside a truck with a burst tire. Much to Troy’s annoyance, Billy insists that they stop to help. They help to change the Mexicans’ tire. Afterward, everyone shakes hands, and the Mexicans drive away. As Billy and Troy drive away, they collide with a large owl. The bird crashes into the window of their truck and dies. Billy drives away, peeking through a piece of unbroken windscreen. As they drive, Troy peers out the window in a melancholy manner. He claims to be thinking about “ever goddamned thing” (25). When they stop and drink coffee in a diner, Billy explains that a “truckload of Mexicans” (26) once stopped to help him, his brother, and his friend, so he felt obliged to stop and help change the tire. Troy accepts this explanation.
John Grady crosses the border into Juarez. He returns to the brothel, searching for the young Mexican teenager he saw previously. When she does not appear, he goes for dinner. He tries to find her again the next day, but she does not appear. John Grady ignores everyone else, from street vendors to tourists. Eventually, he crosses back over the border.
John Grady rides a horse up a mountainside and stares out over the country. He returns to the ranch late, missing lunch. Mac collects him, and they play chess at the kitchen table. JC enters the kitchen and sits to watch the game. John Grady wins easily, and they play again. JC leaves when the game seems to tilt in John Grady’s favor. When Mac debates whether he should concede, John Grady turns the board around, and they switch sides. John Grady wins anyway. As Mac prepares for bed, John Grady admits that he was not interested in joining Troy and Billy on their trip to Elton’s ranch. He also shares his worry that he took his job from Delbert, a previous employee at the ranch. Mac tells John Grady not to worry.
The following day, John Grady discovers Billy changing the car’s windshield. They finish the job and then sit down for breakfast. John Grady is told about a horse being brought to the ranch by a local man who wants it trained as a gift for his wife. Later that day, he meets the man and his wife, who arrive with their “nervous” (31) looking horse. After a short inspection, John Grady tells the man that the horse is lame. He shows how the horse’s broken hoof has been poorly treated. Much to the man’s annoyance, he refuses to take the horse into his custody, knowing that he will have to euthanize the animal. After John Grady refuses a bribe, the man takes the horse and leaves.
John Grady takes a packed lunch and sets off on horseback. Despite his injured ankle, he ropes a limping calf from the back of his horse and inspects a piece of wood embedded in the calf’s leg. After a day working on the ranch, he talks with Billy about the argument with the horse owner. The man has asked John Grady to “look at some horses for him” (35). Billy and John Grady discuss Billy’s trip to Elton’s ranch; neither man plans to leave imminently, but they know that the military is buying most of the local land. Over supper, the men chat about horses and work. John Grady explains that he prefers to train young, raw, or inexperienced horses because they “got nothin to unlearn” (38).
John Grady returns to the brothel in Juarez, searching for the young teenage girl. The older sex worker quietly tell him that the girl is gone, and they do not know whether she will return. Leaving the brothel, he accepts a taxi driver’s invitation to help him find a sex worker. They visit numerous bars and brothels to search for the girl; eventually, John Grady is told to pay a dangerous man named Manolo to learn of the girl’s whereabouts. Manolo demands $50 to tell John Grady about the 16-year-old sex worker with epilepsy who has captured his attention. Instead, John Grady offers $36—everything he has—and Manolo tells him to find the girl at a place called the White Lake.
John Grady returns to the ranch and finds Billy reading a book. He asks Billy about the White Lake and is told that it is expensive and “no place for a cowboy” (41). The next day, John Grady asks for an advance on his wages. Mac agrees. At supper, John Grady listens to Mr Johnson talk about an imminent drought, the military’s plans to buy the local land through eminent domain, and the unsolved murder of a man named Colonel Fountain and his family. Mr Johnson tells a story about when he was caught in a gunfight, then shares his violent memories of his experiences in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution.
John Grady visits the White Lake. Inside, he notes how much more luxurious it is compared to the brothels he typically visits. He spots the girl and approaches her. They speak in Spanish, and she tells him that her name is Magdalena. During their conversation, she admits that she remembers seeing him at the other brothel. When John Grady takes her into one of the brothel’s rooms, he pays $50 to spend the night with her. Magdalena undresses him, and they lay in bed together. She asks whether he is married, and he assures her that he is not. After their night together, she wakes while he is dressing. He promises to return to her. John Grady leaves the brothel and walks back toward the border.
The one-eyed maid at the brothel finds Magdalena caught in the throes of an epileptic fit. She pins Magdalena to the bed and places a wooden stick between the girl’s teeth. The other sex workers gather in the doorway, speculating that Magdalena is possessed by the devil. They tie her down, pray over her, and gather trinkets and candles around the bed. Eduardo, the brothel owner, sweeps aside the women as he enters. He banishes the women from the room and stares at the naked girl on the bloodstained sheets as her seizure ends.
At a neighboring ranch, John Grady helps to mate Mac’s one-eyed mare with an energetic stallion belonging to Ward. Once the stallion is finished, the men load the mare back onto a trailer and return to the ranch.
Billy and John Grady follow a herd of cattle across the plain. John Grady wonders whether he could live in an isolated cabin. Billy explains that he lived in a similar place once and does not want to do so again, though he admits that he does not know what he wants and “never did” (54). He believes that the war changed everything, but people have not noticed yet.
Eduardo sits in his office while his subordinate Tiburcio counts out the brothel’s earnings. Tiburcio confirms to Eduardo that the same young man has visited again.
In the next month, John Grady only has the time and money to visit Magdalena “but once more” (55). As Tiburcio knocks on the door to signal that John Grady’s time is up, John Grady begs Magdalena to promise him. She agrees, and he leaves the brothel, declining an offer from the brothel’s blind piano player to come for a drink. The old piano player suggests that Magdalena is “favorable” (56) toward John Grady but warns the American about the girl’s epilepsy, admitting that Magdalena does not belong “among us” (58).
The opening chapters of Cities of the Plain introduce the setting and the characters’ way of life. Like the environment itself, the characters and their professions are worn out and dried up. John Grady, Billy, Mac, and the other cowboys are the last generation of cowboys whose way of life is threatened by the changing of the times. Just as the weather is drying out and affecting the ranch’s viability, society itself has turned on the cowboys. The military constantly threatens to purchase the land and turn the ranch into a training facility while the towns and cities expand closer to the ranch. The distant twinkling city lights are glimpsed across the plain, but they feel perpetually nearer, encroaching on the plain and the men’s way of life. The solitary, quiet life of the cowboy is not viable in a modern world of cars, machines, and industrialized agriculture. Thus, the knowledge and the experience of men like Billy and John Grady have no value for the future. Cities of the Plain is not just about the tragedy of the protagonist, resigned to meet an unfortunate end. The novel also portrays the tragic end of a way of life that is as doomed to failure as John Grady.
While the cowboys are presented as rustic, weary, and hardworking, Magdalena is almost ethereal in comparison. If the lives of the cowboys are rugged, plain, and simple, then the life of Magdalena is enigmatic and tragic, though equally as doomed. She is a mysterious figure who first appears in the cheap brothel without saying a word; her silence is enough to captivate John Grady. He sees her with sympathetic eyes, as though she were one of the horses he trains at the ranch. John Grady has a penchant for broken things, believing that he can save or heal them. When he sees the beautiful, mysterious girl in the brothel, shrouded in her own tragedy, he decides that he is responsible for her salvation. John Grady may not yet love Magdalena—he does not even know her name the first time he sees her—but he feels compelled to rescue her from a tragedy he does not yet understand. He is drawn to her because she is beautiful, and her demeanor appeals to his innate desire to help. In Magdalena, he sees someone he and he alone can rescue. To John Grady, this sentiment is easily mistaken for love.
The border that separates the United States and Mexico embodies the duality presented in the novel. Events, images, and actions are replicated on both sides of the border, presenting similar scenes in different contexts. When Magdalena has a seizure, for example, the people running the brothel place a leather strap between her teeth to prevent her from chewing through her tongue. The image is similar to the horse training at the ranch, where the cowboys place a bit between a horse’s teeth as part of the breaking process. Like the horse, Magdalena is being trained to be obedient. Eduardo and Tiburcio view her as a domesticated animal that they must make profitable and useful. Similarly, the one-eyed maid at the brothel is echoed in the one-eyed horse on the ranch. The horse owners deliberately rent out horses to breed with one another in an animalistic echo of the sex work business. Life in Mexico is different from life in the United States, but fundamental similarities can be found between the people and their lives on either side of the border. Though they may be separated by language, culture, and bureaucracy, the Mexicans and Americans are united by a shared and brutal humanity, a fundamental part of existence.
By Cormac McCarthy