61 pages • 2 hours read
Heather MorrisA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This study guide contains depictions of genocide, rape, sexual assault, suicide, and drug addiction.
This winter is particularly harsh, leading to numerous frostbite amputations and pneumonia. Workplace injuries also increase because the prisoners’ fingers are freezing. These conditions and Josie’s leaving increase Cilka’s depression. She forces herself to work on the ambulance without breaks as a distraction.
One day, Cilka, Kirill, and Pavel go to a mine explosion. One of the supervisors tells Cilka the explosion has trapped at least 13 men, including an explosives expert. He also says she can’t enter the mine yet, but she goes anyway, convincing Pavel to go with her. The pair find six of the men, and Cilka begins examining them. She stabilizes the explosives expert, and a guard tells her the rest of the men are on the other side of the blocked tunnel. He says they wouldn’t have survived, as they were carrying the dynamite and took the brunt of the blast. Cilka organizes the survivors to help each other out of the tunnel. Pavel carries an unconscious man as Cilka moves ahead of him. Once at the mine’s lift, she turns to watch Pavel when the tunnel collapses, knocking her unconscious.
When Cilka wakes up, she’s in a hospital bed. She has a head injury, a concussion, and blurry vision. A nurse tells Cilka Pavel is dead, making her feel cursed. Cilka promised not to interfere with the other nurses and the doctors as they help her recover. The next day, Cilka wakes to the explosives expert standing over her. He thanks her for saving his life. Kirill then steps forward, and Cilka apologizes for Pavel’s death. He tells her not to apologize; people like to help her because she doesn’t ask them to.
During her 10-day recovery, Cilka tries to help the other patients in the hospital and hides her pain so Yelena will send her back to Hut 29 and free up a bed for someone else. A few days later, as Cilka walks out of surgery, some camp officers appear, asking about the condition of the explosives expert. They’re happy to hear he will be released soon and is doing well. One officer commends Cilka for her bravery and heroic actions and allows her to move into the nurses’ quarters.
Cilka decides to stay in Hut 29 out of loyalty to her friends. When Cilka returns to the hut, the women tell her that the administrators sent Olga home because her sentence was over. Cilka is sad because she wasn’t able to say goodbye. The hut is quiet that night, and a few men come to visit, including Boris. He tries to talk to Cilka about their relationship, telling her he loves her. Cilka says she doesn’t know what love is.
In June of 1953, Cilka has been in Vorkuta for eight years. The camp is restless, and the prisoners threaten to go on strike, refusing to work in an attempt to gain better living and working conditions, and convince the administrators to remove the barbed wire removed from the fences and the numbers from their clothing. Over the next few days, the number of prisoners on strike rises into the thousands. Stalin’s death in March has increased prisoner communication among the other Gulags and fueled a call for a mass walkout. The prisoners overrun the camp jail, releasing many maximum-security prisoners, and the strike lasts for six days, when guards finally quell the rebellion by opening fire on the protesters and sending numerous victims to the hospital. There, Cilka and the other nurses work nonstop to help them until a uniformed man enters the hospital ward and demands a list of every striker who enters the hospital. When Yelena says they’re too busy, he slaps her across the face, making her fall with the force of the blow, and demands the list in one hour’s time. Cilka helps Yelena to her feet and begins creating the list of names. The two-week strike is over, and Cilka grieves for their failed resistance.
As Cilka continues collecting names, she sees Hannah in a bed with bullet wounds in her chest and arms. Hannah begs for Cilka’s help, and Cilka wraps her arm with a tourniquet and puts gauze and pressure on her chest. Cilka sees past Hannah’s addiction and admires her bravery, knowing she did what she had to do in order to survive. Before Hannah dies, she tells Cilka not to let her oppressors break her. Later, life in the camp returns to normal, but Hut 29 mourns Hannah’s death. The administrators and guards don’t punish the strikers, and some workers remove the numbers from their clothing without consequence. On the way to work one day, Cilka sees Alexandr, and the sight lifts her spirits for days.
The winter darkness returns. Boris walks through a blizzard to visit Cilka and tells her the prison is releasing him in a few days. He’s trying to get Cilka released with him so they can start a life together.
Flashback to Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1944. Schwarzhuber tells Cilka he cares about her, and Cilka lies, telling him she cares about him, too. She uses this opportunity to ask the commandant to give Lale his job as a camp tattooist back. Schwarzhuber says they’ll visit him tomorrow, and Cilka thanks him.
In Vorkuta, Cilka lies to Boris in the same way that she did Schwarzhuber, telling him she loves him. At breakfast the next morning, Cilka talks to Anastasia and Elena about Boris’s imminent departure, and Elena advises Cilka to move into the nurses’ quarters to avoid the other men who plan to take Boris’s place as her bedmate. When asked for help in this matter, Yelena promises not to let anyone else harm Cilka.
Cilka’s new living quarters make her life easier and more comfortable. Cilka distracts herself from missing her friends by cleaning the nurses’ barracks and making the other nurses’ beds. One day, Elena is in the hospital for a self-inflicted burn. She uses the opportunity to ask Yelena to tell Cilka that Boris is looking for her. In order to protect Cilka, the women told him that she was taken back to the hospital and would likely die. Boris flew into a rage at this news. Elena warns Cilka to stay away from Hut 29, as bad men have already come looking for her. Yelena reassures Cilka that she’s safe in the barracks, but Cilka worries that she’ll never see her friends again.
That winter, Cilka notices fewer prisoners are working the mines than before. She learns that many prisoners have been released early, and few new prisoners are coming into Vorkuta. Spring arrives, and Cilka feels calm despite her great sense of loss. One day, Cilka goes with the ambulance to the sewing room, where she and Elena embrace and quickly exchange news before Cilka looks at a patient who complains of chest pains. Cilka tells Kirill and the other ambulance worker to load the man into the ambulance as she says goodbye to Elena.
The white nights return, but Cilka resists going to the general compound during her walks out of concern for her hut-mates. She looks for Alexandr instead but doesn’t see him. Cilka is grateful when winter returns, eliminating the temptation to visit her friends. Prisoners are no longer forced to work in the harsh winter weather, so the patients at the hospital are often the victims of fights. Cilka’s building hope is crushed when she realizes this is how humans will always treat each other. On an ambulance call one day, Cilka stops when she sees a man lying in the snow, his blood staining the snow red.
Flashback to Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1944. A loud banging on Block 25’s door wakes Cilka, who walks through the barrack yelling at the women for the SS to hear. More quietly, she whispers prayers and apologies to the women. She opens the door and watches the women file past her. After the truck leaves, Cilka hears a woman call her a murderer and declare that she has much blood on her hands as the SS. The woman walks away, and Cilka tears her gloves off and begins scrubbing her hands furiously in the snow. Dana and Gita help Cilka up, and she asks them if they can see the blood.
Cilka breaks free of her memory and tells Kirill to get the stretcher. The man lying in the snow is Alexandr.
Of all the women in Hut 29, Elena demonstrates the most powerfully dynamic evolution throughout the course of the novel, and this section in particular serves to illustrate just her character has been changed by her years of incarceration in Vorkuta. When she first arrives at the camp, Elena is no more than a bully who pushes the other women around and intimidates them into submission, and throughout the first half of the novel, she is mean and does little to help the women in Hut 29. Over time, however, Elena evolves to become more kind and caring for her hut-mates. Further, because she learns how to sew from Olga, Elena now has a comfortable job in the camp’s sewing room. The best example of Elena’s change in personality occurs when she intentionally burns herself so she can go to the hospital and warn Cilka of dangers that await her should she return to Hut 29. Thus, she risks her own health and safety to ensure the health and safety of another, likely saving Cilka’s life. Elena’s character symbolizes the power to overcome circumstances and to improve oneself despite situations designed to bring out the very worst in people.
In sharp contrast to characters who gain something intangible for themselves, the equally intangible motif of loss is woven throughout this section, primarily illustrated through the weight of Cilka’s traumatic experiences in Auschwitz, which continue to haunt her despite the positive things in her life now. Cilka still feels a great heaviness from the loss of her family—particularly her father, since she still doesn’t know what happened to him— and while Josie leaves the camp under miraculous circumstances, Cilka still aches for her friend: a fresh loss that only adds to the others she has experienced. Pavel’s death in the mine tunnel also compounds her dual sense of loss and grief, making Cilka believe that she’s cursed never to maintain deep, meaningful relationships. She also feels loss about the change in residents of Hut 29. Olga, for example, gets sent home because she’s served her sentence, yet Cilka feels great sadness because she wasn’t able to say goodbye. Cilka feels a sense of loss when the camp guards finally subdue the strikers, for she is proud of their courage to resist the camp and its deplorable living conditions. Finally, Cilka feels another profound loss when she moves into the nurses’ quarters to escape men coming to Hut 29 to take advantage of her. To help distract her from missing her friends, she cleans, sweeps, and dusts the barracks so she can continue to feel useful.
This section also marks a shift in the camp’s mood. Stalin, the orchestrator of the Gulag system, is now dead. As a result, Gulags across Siberia are going on strike and fighting for better living conditions. Likewise, the camps are releasing numerous prisoners, including those at Vorkuta. Cilka hears rumors about these releases and has a small hope that she might be released soon. More symbolically, Cilka notices more spring flowers blooming as she rides in the ambulance one day. These flowers symbolize a lightening of the workload for many inmates due to their strike, but they also represent a flower of hope taking root in Cilka’s heart. The lightening of the camp’s mood signals that the novel is approaching its climax and resolution, and Cilka will finally be released and rewarded for her endurance and survival.
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