52 pages • 1 hour read
Cormac McCarthyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Sheriff Turner and Deputy Cotton inspect a wrecked car in a ravine on Frog Mountain that they believe belongs to a missing couple. The sheriff suspects that the couple’s disappearance is connected to that of the girl at the lookout (the first body Lester stole). The sheriff and his deputy conclude that the couple wasn’t in the car during the crash and that someone pushed the car into the ravine.
With his rifle, Lester accosts a couple in a truck and asks the boy for his license. When the boy tries to start the truck, Lester shoots him in the neck. Lester orders the girl to get out of the car and turn around. He shoots her through the base of her skull, drags her body into the weeds, and starts fondling her, when suddenly the truck starts. Lester rushes back to the road, “a crazed mountain troll clutching up a pair of bloodstained breeches by one hand and calling out in a high mad gibbering” (160), only to see the truck disappearing down the bend.
Lester runs for three miles after the truck, cursing the man he shot. Realizing the futility of chasing the truck, Lester returns up the road. He howls when he finds that the woman is now stiff and cold. With the rifle and the woman’s corpse, Lester descends the mountain to his cave.
A long rain starts, flooding the area. Bedraggled by rain, Lester watches from the mountain saddle the lanterns of people partying at night in the woods below. The rain drives Lester to move from his cave to a sinkhole on the other side of the mountain. He chooses a route that takes him under rather than over the mountain and requires fording a creek that runs fast and deep with runoff. During the crossing, a floating log appears and seems to target Lester. It hits him, sending him and his crate of things into the rapids below. After he’s disgorged into a deep pool, Lester, who’s unable to swim, somehow thrashes his way to shore: “He could not swim, but how would you drown him? His wrath seemed to buoy him up” (161). Ashore, Lester immediately disassembles and dries his rifle, the only thing he was able to save. He hikes downstream to see if he can retrieve his stuffed animals, but he gets too close to the highway and turns back.
Lester spends all night porting his sodden mattress and his moldy corpses across the mountains. When he’s done, his feet are frozen, and the dawn reveals a surrounding area devoid of life. He lights a fire in his new home, but it does little to warm him. In frustration, he throws his frozen rifle into the fire only to snatch it back immediately.
Sheriff Turner descends the steps of the courthouse until he reaches water: The rain has turned the streets of Sevierville into a lake. Deputy Cotton picks him up in a rowboat. The sheriff jokes about Noah and his ark.
As they go to pick up and distribute the mail, the sheriff and the deputy check on people in town. Someone exploited the flooding to rob the hardware store. The owner, Eustis, and the sheriff wonder whether God intended people to live in a place so often beset by disaster. At the post office, the postwoman enquires about all of the people who have gone missing from cars on Frog Mountain.
As they distribute the mail, the sheriff and the deputy give a ride to an old man named Mr. Wade. He relays that a woman thinks the flood is a punishment levied by God on the people of Sevier County. Mr. Wade thinks that only the total moral corruption of everyone in the county would merit such a punishment.
Mr. Wade tells the history of organized vigilantism in the county. This is the history of two warring groups: the White Caps and the Bluebills. Mr. Wade condemns the White Caps as a gang of thieves and murderers who preyed on the weak. However, he also lambasts the Bluebills, a group formed to counter the White Caps’ abuses, for their cowardice in never directly confronting the White Caps. Mr. Wade praises a man named Tom Davis, a school teacher who became deputy sheriff then sheriff, for fighting the White Caps despite their attempts on his life. The era of White Capping ended when Tom hanged two White Caps for murdering a mother and father in front of their daughter. The entire town—including the wives of the condemned men—gathered to witness the hanging. It was done incorrectly, and it took the men over 10 minutes to die, disturbing the crowd.
As they arrive back at the courthouse, Mr. Wade mentions a hermit who used to live on House Mountain. People taunted him to come out by throwing rocks into his cave.
Spring arrives. Lester watches two hawks in flight that are either mating or fighting. He knows that all living things fight. Day after day from the mountain, he watches as the fields are plowed and the leaves grow on the trees; he hangs his head and cries.
Awake in his cave at night, Lester thinks he hears a sound he used to hear as a child lying awake in the dirk: the whistle of his father on his way home. However, the sound is just an underground stream emptying into the “unknown seas at the center of the earth” (175). That night Lester dreams that he’s riding a mule through a forest on a day of absolute beauty, yet he’s full of sadness and dread: He has resolved to ride to his death.
On a morning in May, Lester sneaks up on John Greer, who’s digging a septic tank for his house. Lester—unrecognizable in a dress and a wig made from the scalp of his victims—carefully aims his rifle at John and fires. He misses, hitting the shovel as John swings it past his shoulder. Startled, John turns and sees Lester frantically reloading, “an apparition created whole out of nothing and set upon him with such dire intent” (176). Lester shoots John twice before he makes it into the house. Lester rushes after him, but as soon as he makes it in the door he’s blown back out by the blast of a shotgun. Greer, shot through the upper chest, goes to inspect what he’s shot.
Lester awakes in a psychiatric hospital in a drug-induced haze. His arm is missing. The nurse doesn’t know what the doctors did with his arm, only that it was shot off. To Lester’s chagrin, John Greer is alive.
After a few days, a group of vigilantes distracts the deputy on guard and sneaks Lester out of the hospital. They drive into the hills and order Lester to take them to the bodies. They suspect that Lester killed the women to have sex with their corpses. When he denies killing anyone, the vigilantes loop a steel cable over his head and lead him to the scaffold of an old sawmill. Lester agrees to take them to the bodies.
Instead of taking the men to the sinkhole (where the bodies are), Lester takes them to the cave he lived in prior. He leads half the men (half wait at the entrance) into the cave system, down the watercourse toward the vaulted cavern where he once kept the bodies. The men played in the caves as children but are unfamiliar with this one. Suddenly, Lester stops and crawls through a fissure in the rock. The men wonder if they’ll be able to move the bodies through such a small gap. Then they realize that none of them are skinny enough to fit through it themselves: Lester tricked them. After some argument, they turn around. None of them can remember the way out.
Lester spends three days looking for another exit. With nothing but stone to lie on, he sleeps little. The flashlight starts dying on the third day, when he finds a chamber of bison and elk bones. He takes a tooth from a jaguar’s skull and continues, before he encounters an abyss and turns around.
Eventually, Lester finds a cave with a crack to the surface. For the following days and nights, he widens the crack, digging first through dirt and then through flaking sandstone. Though not hungry, he searches in vain through rodent middens for an overlooked nut. Envisioning how the vermin and insects of the cave will take over his body after his death, reducing it to bones, Lester longs for escape, for a “brute midwife to spald him from his rocky keep” (195).
Five days after entering the cave with the vigilantes, Lester digs to the surface. There he sees a cow and a barn. He rests in the cave until nightfall, then sets out. The landscape is unfamiliar; even the stars look different. He finds a road and follows it away from the mountains. Honeysuckle perfumes the air. A church bus passes Lester, who hides in the weeds. When he emerges, he and a boy watching out the back of the bus lock eyes. Lester is disturbed to realize that the boy looks like him.
Lester finds his way back to the psychiatric hospital in Sevierville. Emaciated, one-armed, and covered in red mud, Lester presents himself to the night-duty nurse, stating, “I’m supposed to be here” (197).
Lester isn’t charged with any crime; instead, he’s sent to a state psychiatric hospital in Knoxville. There, he’s kept in a “cage” next to a man who used to cut open people’s heads and eat their brains with a spoon (198). Lester has nothing to say to this “crazy man” (198). Noticing that the door of that man’s cell is secured with a bent spoon, Lester asks whether it’s the same one. He gets no response.
In April 1965, Lester contracts pneumonia and is transferred to another hospital for treatment. Two days after he returns to the psychiatric hospital apparently cured, he’s found dead.
The hospital sends Lester’s body to a medical school in Memphis. There, it is brutally examined: “He was laid out on a slab and flayed, eviscerated, dissected. His head was sawed open and the brains removed. His muscles were stripped from his bones. His heart was taken out” (199). In his entrails, the medical students read omens of worse monsters to come. When the class ends three months later, Lester’s remains are scraped into a plastic bag and buried in a cemetery outside the city for criminals and the mentally ill. A minister from the medical school performs a basic service.
Later that year, a farmer is tilling his field when suddenly his mules and plow disappear into a sinkhole. The farmer, Arthur Ogle, peers cautiously over the edge into the earth. He feels a cool wind and hears the distant sound of running water. The next day, two boys rappel into the hole. They find no trace of the mules. Instead, they find on stone ledges the bodies of seven women.
Sheriff Turner and his deputies descend into the sinkhole to extract the bodies, which are covered with mold and fungus. The deputies loop rope around each of the corpses and pull them up. Except for the gray flesh sloughing off of them, the bodies appear reanimated by the lifting rope. The bodies are bound in muslin and loaded onto a trailer, which descends into the valley. It is dusk, and nighthawks fly up from the dusty road “with wild wings and eyes red as jewels in the headlights” (208).
In Part III, Lester’s devolution becomes complete, spelling his doom. Meanwhile, the biblical flood of Sevierville prompts the residents to reflect on the violence that seems endogenous to the county and on their complicity in the “meanness” (177) that prevails in their homeland.
Lester’s commitment to the psychiatric hospital resolves the auctioneer’s warning to Lester in the first chapter that if “you don’t get a grip on yourself they goin to put you in a rubber room” (15). Partly driven there by others and partly driven there by his own actions, Lester’s fate is the result of human, not divine, factors. The most telling part of this denouement is that Lester voluntarily returns himself to the psychiatric hospital after escaping death in the caves. His vision of his corpse overtaken by the cave’s vermin and insects makes him realize that he’d rather face the punishment of his fellow men than suffer a meaningless death surrounded by nothing but earth and insects. Since the psychiatric hospital is the only place in society that is open to him—as he says, “I’m supposed to be here” (209)—that’s where Lester goes. His voluntary return to the hospital is a self-fulfillment of the auctioneer’s prophecy.
The climax comes in the pair of chapters in which Lester, realizing the true nature of his circumstances, attacks John Greer, the man he scapegoats for his misfortune. Despite his perverted attempts to build a family with his stuffed animals and his harem of corpses, Lester remains utterly alone in the world. He realizes this as he watches spring unfold in the valley: “He watched the diminutive progress of all things in the valley, the gray fields coming up black and corded under the plow, the slow green occlusion that the trees were spreading” (184). That his anagnorisis comes in spring is symbolic: In the midst of renewal, Lester reaches his nadir. The overturning of the dead, gray topsoil to reveal the black, nutrient-rich earth underneath symbolizes perennial renewal. As the “occlusion” of leaves hints, Lester is barred from this renewal, from life, from the “country he once inhabited” (183). Far away from humanity, he sits on the mountain in a cold wind, surrounded only by “sparse high mountain bracken [and] brittle gray ferns” (183). Witnessing the renewal of life below while imprisoned in his desolation—a desolation mirrored in his barren surroundings—Lester weeps.
That night Lester’s anagnorisis continues. He hears a sound from his childhood, the sound of his father whistling on his way home, and he is transported in memory back to a time before the tragedy of his life. His realization that the sound is just that of water running “down through the cavern to empty it may be in unknown seas at the center of the earth” (184) leaves him empty in the awareness of his desolation. The narrative transitions directly to his dream of death. The dream expresses Lester’s fatalism about his misery. There is no life for him, no freedom: he is—and always has been—on an inexorable track toward annihilation. However, that in the dream he has resolved to ride to his death—and isn’t being forced to—belies his fatalism; at least as an adult, Lester is responsible for his actions. His dream is the subconscious recognition that he himself has affected his doom.
In the wake of this dream, Lester’s attack on John Greer reads as the desperate act of a man cognizant of his doom. The attack expresses the rage and sorrow Lester feels at having lost his childhood home: that double symbol of innocence and tragedy in its association for him Lester before and after his father’s death by suicide.
The flood of Sevierville resounds with the connotation of biblical punishment. The allusion to the biblical flood in Genesis becomes explicit in the scene of Sheriff Turner, Deputy Cotton, and Mr. Wade traveling by boat through the town: The sheriff makes a joke about looking out for Noah’s ark, and Mr. Wade relays the sentiment of another resident that the flood is divine punishment. In Genesis 6, God, seeing that the world is corrupt with violence, decides to wash away this corruption and start anew. Sevier County before the flood resembles the antediluvian world of the Bible in that it, too, is filled with moral corruption and violence. The flood doesn’t just punish Lester, driving him out of his cave and ripping away half of his pseudo family—the teddy bears; it also seems to punish the other residents of the county. When juxtaposed with his telling of the violent history of vigilantism in the county—and the presence of all the residents at a cruel and unusual hanging—Mr. Wade’s remark that “everbody [sic] in Sevier County would have to be rotten to the core to warrant this” raises the idea that the residents are in some way complicit in the “meanness” that prevails there (177). As McCarthy suggests, violence and cruelty are inherent to humanity. To the people of Sevier County, all of them cultural if not devout Christians, the flood prompts a reflection on what place unjust violence has in their land.
By Cormac McCarthy