61 pages • 2 hours read
Nana Kwame Adjei-BrenyahA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Staxxx tells Thurwar about the night she killed Sunset.
He was very close to High Freedom and it was a BlackOut night, meaning the cameras turned off. After everyone else went to bed, Sunset told Staxxx about the new rule that would require her to fight Thurwar—he learned about it from Jerry. Sunset was worried about High Freedom because he wasn’t sure he deserved it; despite preaching the importance of self-forgiveness to the others, he struggled to forgive himself. Most of all, Sunset dreaded meeting his daughter, Mari. Because of all of this, Sunset no longer wanted to live, so he asked Staxxx to help him guide his blade to slit his throat. Staxxx held and comforted him as he died.
While Staxxx tells Thurwar about Sunset, the market is still in chaos. Police have started using tear gas. A footnote explains that this is a substance forbidden outside of war by international law but legal to be used on civilians in the US. Police also tase people; in another footnote, readers learn that although tasers can cause death, these devices are regularly used for civilian crowd control. Most people leave, and then the Links are led away too.
The novel flashes back. After killing all of Sing-Attica-Sing except Hendrix Young, Simon J. Craft goes to the tent that belonged to Bells and Razor. Young asks Simon if he knows where they are, and Simon replies that this is hell. When asked his name, Simon calls himself “a son-of-a-bitch rapist motherfucker” (293), which is what Officer Lawrence used to call him while Influencing him. When prompted again, Simon says his real name but can’t remember that the “J” stands for “Jeremiah.” Young offers that it can stand for “Jungle” since Simon is wild.
Simon and Young fight their first doubles match. Young gives Simon simple instructions: Never kill Young, but kill anyone else. Simon understands this despite his erratic behavior and inability to notice things like the fact that Young has only one arm. They are favored to lose but end up killing the opposing team, the Boulder Brothers.
When Young mentions the Influencer device, Simon panics, terrified that Young has the ability to Influence him if Simon doesn’t follow Young’s directions. Over time, the two men build rapport. Although Young is sad that Simon killed his friends, Young sees that Simon is a lost soul who needs guidance, so he shows him grace.
Later, during a melee, Young and Simon kill everyone on the Largesse State Pen Chain instead of just one person like the rules require. Simon then becomes known as unkillable. The two men spend a year alone on the Sing-Attica-Sing Chain. No one tells them why, but readers learn that it is because of a lawsuit claiming that Simon is mentally ill and so did not have the legal right to sign up for CAPE. Until the case is settled, no new Links are allowed to join Simon’s Chain (but he’s still allowed to battle for the CAPE program).
In the present, after the farmers market protest, the members of A-Hamm are put into police cars. They separate Thurwar from Staxxx, seemingly as punishment, and put her in a car with Bad Water instead. Bad Water joined CAPE because he is innocent and was tired of prison. Thurwar tells him she joined because she “was in a lot of pain” (300).
In her hotel room, Thurwar watches clips of the opponents she will soon face in the doubles match with Staxxx, studying them to identify weaknesses. Thurwar recalls her prison roommate Patty, who, like Sunset, encouraged Thurwar to love and forgive herself as a way toward redemption. After Thurwar was Influenced in prison, Patty took care of her.
Thurwar reads through her fan mail, which she usually doesn’t do. A lot of it consists of useless or upsetting things like unsolicited sexual content like pictures of genitalia (including some from Wil), homophobic rants, death threats, and random criticisms. One message is probably from Mari, wishing Thurwar well. Since Thurwar knows that her online activity is monitored, she doesn’t react to the message.
She purchases a new, better weapon and meal plan—both for Rico.
Thurwar presents Rico with his new blade. The Links train for battle. Randy Mac will be facing Raven Ways, so everyone expects him to lose and die. Therefore, they are extra nice to him in his final days.
Unbeknownst to Kai, Mari has purchased a front-row ticket to Thurwar and Staxxx’s doubles match so she can protest more. She thinks the protest will be even more powerful if it’s on the actual BattleGround.
Thurwar has kept her hurt knee a secret from others—she’s not sure even the GameMasters have noticed. However, she notifies Staxxx about the injury before their doubles match. They’ll be facing Hendrix “Scorpion Singer” Young and Simon “Unkillable Jungle” Craft, who now views Young as “the good angel” (319).
Randy Mac is killed by Raven Ways. While Staxxx and Thurwar do pre-fight interviews with Micky Wright, Mari wanders onto the field with a protest sign that reads “WHERE LIFE IS PRECIOUS” (322).
When Mari walked through security, she just had a blank sign and a marker, so the guards didn’t take it away from her. She then went to her seat, where the people nearby chatted her up about who they were rooting for and whose lives they’d placed bets on. When she finished making the sign, she climbed over the plexiglass wall and onto the field. Her sign reads “WHERE LIFE IS PRECIOUS” on one side and “LIFE IS PRECIOUS” on the other (326). A cop Influences Mari.
Like it does to others, the Influencer makes Mari wish she were dead so that the impossible pain would be over. She feels she would literally do anything to get it to stop. Finally, it does end, and she’s carried off the field.
Thurwar tries to forget Mari so she can focus on beating Scorpion Singer and Craft.
Micky makes a joke about Mari, but when nobody laughs, he switches the topic to how epic this doubles match is. This does get the positive reaction he was hoping for. He then releases the fighters from their locked positions.
Young instructs Craft to attack Staxxx while he attacks Thurwar. However, since Young wishes he could speak to Thurwar instead, he goes for Staxxx alongside Craft. As the men rush Staxxx, Thurwar comes from behind. She throws her hammer into Young’s head, killing him. As Craft cradles Young’s body, Staxxx kills him.
Micky Wright is disappointed that Thurwar and Staxxx won the fight because this means they’ll now have to fight each other, which he still believes is unpleasant. He’s been given a script to announce this new rule, but he is not excited to do so. After seeing Tracy’s speeches, Micky has grown horrified with what he’s become.
After the combat, the CAPE program immediately switches from Season 32 to 33—there is no off-season period. As per the script, Micky pretends like he’s just learning about the new rule now. As he explains it, the audience is silent. The fact that they don’t cheer gives Micky hope that maybe American society isn’t beyond fixing.
Since they lost Randy Mac, Jerry lets the A-Hamm Links talk instead of setting them to silent as they travel toward their next location. They fondly repeat Randy’s catchphrase, “suck my dick, America” (338). Instead of sitting next to Thurwar like she normally does, Staxxx sits in Randy’s old empty spot, across from Thurwar. Thurwar reflects that fights begin as soon as they’re announced—people start studying each other and preparing. She realizes that she’s already imagined fighting Staxxx multiple times while giving her training advice. Still, it’s different now that it’s actually happening. After years of Staxxx being Thurwar’s reason to keep living, Thurwar is not sure she can kill her.
Jerry drops A-Hamm off at a campsite near a canyon. There’s a BlackOut night, so cameras stop recording. Staxxx asks who the others think will win to lighten the mood, adding that if the GameMasters make her kill Thurwar, she’ll spend her remaining days trying to destroy them. The same goes for Thurwar—if Thurwar wins, Staxxx knows she’ll work to dismantle the system, possibly with the help of Tracy or others.
On TV, Tracy, Mari, and others continue speaking out against CAPE while the match between Thurwar and Staxxx is about to start.
Staxxx, now a Colossal, shares a poem before marching into battle to the death against the love of her life.
For once, Thurwar and Staxxx are alone on the field before their fight—Micky Wright and other announcers are absent. Thurwar tells the audience she forgives them. They cheer, and then both women get locked into starting position.
The match starts. Staxxx and Thurwar run toward each other, embrace, and say that they love each other. They fight. Thurwar kills Staxxx, leaving the audience in stunned silence.
Adjei-Brenyah continues to paint a comprehensive picture of the fictional CAPE program through a variety of narrative styles that together encompass a collective. The novel achieves this by combining multiple character perspectives with the voice of an objective narrator whose asides and footnotes comment on and contextualize the action to explicate what characters don’t have the time or privacy to vocalize or don’t know. For example, the footnotes often reveal the crimes, backstories, and secret final thoughts of Links who die on the BattleGround. This approach humanizes characters we meet only briefly, giving them nuance and identity—in these tellings, crimes are described as mistakes that do not define the person. In contrast, GameMasters collapse Link identities into stereotype and shorthand, letting racial, gender, class, or criminality biases overshadow individual lives. The footnote mini-obituaries, like the one of Young, also often contain some of the person’s core beliefs about love, forgiveness, grace, and hope.
A strong argument against the death penalty is the reality of wrongful conviction, which would result in the execution of an innocent person. However, Chain-Gang All-Stars argues that this question of innocence is beside the point. The narrator notes that in the US, an estimated 2.3-5% of the incarcerated population—around 100,000 people—are wrongfully convicted and that executions of innocent people do occur. However, the novel posits that the dichotomy of innocent versus guilty is false and dehumanizing: In reality, no one is purely good or bad. In the novel, characters who have not been incarcerated include the vicious GameMasters, blithe announcers, and bloodthirsty and harassing fans, none of whom are morally superior to the Links. At the same time, the punishments doled out to people who have committed violent crimes are just as violent and inhumane as the actions for which they are ostensibly atoning in prison. The result is the creation of an underclass, as explored in the theme of The Relationship Between Mass Incarceration and Structural Inequality.
As the novel’s two time frames converge, Adjei-Brenyah plays with narrative convention and expectation. Rather than ratcheting up suspense as readers realize that Thurwar and Staxxx must battle the two-man Sing-Attica-Sing Chain, the novel refuses to engage in the same kind of entertainment that the CAPE program promotes. The fight is purposefully anticlimactic and unexciting, denying readers the action sequence they may have been expecting and, in the process, making them question the thrill they were anticipating from reading about violence. Instead, the fight becomes an odd instance of Love and Forgiveness as Restorative Justice. Young wishes he could speak to Thurwar so the two could exchange wisdom—Young has many of the same ideas and principles as Thurwar and Staxxx and could potentially help them grow the movement. Meanwhile, the brutalized Simon tenderly holds the dying body of the one person to whom he still has a human attachment. The scene is all the more poignant since Simon’s sections no longer use the first person, highlighting the fact that his prolonged torture has made him forget parts of his identity and develop severe mental illness. Despite these challenges, Simon sees Young as a protector figure and a good angel—in contrast to his terrifying captor, Officer Lawrence. In addition, many side characters embrace love, forgiveness, and hope. This makes deaths like those of Melancholia Bishop, Sunset Harkless, Staxxx, and Hendrix Young not in vain. Their attitude and actions become contagious, influencing others without torture to improve the collective.
The novel’s ending is ambiguous. Thurwar wins her final match against Staxxx, killing her to achieve High Freedom, but what happens after she’s released from incarceration is left up to the reader to imagine. We know that Thurwar and Staxxx created a plan: Find Mari, Kai, Tracy, and other abolitionists and join their movement. Since Thurwar leaves CAPE imprisonment as a celebrity, she will likely have a strong platform from which to speak out against this program. However, we have also seen just how powerful the forces controlling the CAPE program are: GameMasters have complete authority over those in their charge, prison guards have impunity to torture incarcerated people, and the corporations that own the prisons and entertainment media see CAPE as pure profit upside. This deeply pessimistic view of The Violence of Capitalism makes it unclear whether Thurwar, however well intentioned, could possibly succeed in overturning her world’s prison industrial complex. The novel thus offers hope that despite the horrors portrayed, there is a collaborative path toward justice, but it also demonstrates just how inexorable the powers opposing that hope are.
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