99 pages • 3 hours read
J. D. SalingerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Holden heads to Mr. Antolini’s house and Mr. Antolini greets him in his bathrobe with a highball in his hand. Mrs. Antolini is in the kitchen making coffee, and the couple yells back and forth. Holden finds them funny—Mrs. Antolini is a good bit older and rich, and they always seem to be yelling at each other from separate rooms.
Antolini and Holden sit down, and they begin talking about why Holden was kicked out of Pencey. Holden tells Antolini about his Oral Expression class; he failed it in part because he didn’t like that students would yell out “Digression!” when anyone presenting got off topic. For Holden, the digressions were often the most interesting part, which he illustrates by telling the story of one student, Richard Kinsella, who started talking about his family farm but became more interested in talking about his uncle’s polio. For Holden, it was more important that Kinsella was interested in what he was talking about than it was for him to stay on topic.
Antolini listens but says there’s a time and a place for everything and sometimes you have to stay on topic. He then tells Holden about his worry: that Holden is “riding for some kind of terrible, terrible fall” (242). He tells Holden that his hatred of others and the world is setting him up for failure; Holden disagrees that he hates everyone, saying that he likes them after he’s had a moment to reflect or some space away from them. Antolini also thinks Holden’s principles will lead him to failure, and he writes down a quote by Wilhelm Stekel for Holden to keep with him: “The mark of an immature man is that he wants to die nobly for a cause, while the mark of the mature man is that he wants to live humbly for one” (244).
Holden takes the quote and keeps it, but he suddenly feels very tired. Mr. Antolini is fired up, though, and tells Holden that he needs to figure out where he wants to go in life, noting that most likely, Holden is a student, whether he likes it or not, and he must find the thing that he wants to learn if he’s going to succeed. He also tells Holden that he’s far from the first person to be so troubled by the world. Holden is interested in what Antolini is saying, but he’s become so tired he yawns; Antolini changes the subject, asking Holden about Sally and then Jane, while they make up a bed on the couch.
Holden gets undressed and quickly falls asleep on the couch, but he’s woken shortly after by something that troubles him greatly: Mr. Antolini stroking his hair and watching him sleep. Holden jumps up and is very embarrassed, and he says he needs to leave. Antolini tries to get him to stay, but Holden is insistent he needs to go get his bags from Grand Central Station. Antolini watches him as he gets dressed and leaves by the elevator, calling him a strange boy, and he tells him to come back as soon as he has the bags. Holden gets on the elevator and leaves, thinking about the other times in his life things like this have happened.
Holden doesn’t know where to go, so he heads to Grand Central Station, where he sleeps until nine. When he wakes up, he thinks about what happened with Mr. Antolini, and he wonders what it means that Mr. Antolini was so kind in so many ways but still made what Holden interpreted as a pass at him. He can’t come to any conclusion, and it makes him more depressed to think about it.
Holden reads a magazine for a while, then heads over to get some breakfast, which he feels too sick to eat. He starts walking down Fifth Avenue and sees how Christmassy everything is, which makes him think of Phoebe. Before long, he starts panicking, first thinking that he will start sinking when he crosses the street, then thinking he will vanish; he starts imagining asking Allie not to let him disappear. This goes on for a long time, and Holden feels like he can’t stop walking until he’s walked far past the zoo.
When he finally calms down, he sits on a bench and decides that he’s going to start hitchhiking West until he finds a place to get a job at a gas station. He thinks he will pretend to be a deaf-mute, then marry someone who is a deaf-mute and start a family; notably, he says that if he had children, he would hide them from the world.
He decides that he will leave Phoebe a note so he can say goodbye and return her money, so he gets some stationery and walks to her school. He sits on the steps of the school and writes the note. Before he can leave, he feels ill again, and then he sees that someone has written “fuck you” on the wall (260). This makes him very upset, and he rubs it off.
He gives the note to a woman in the principal’s office and it is handed off to be delivered to Phoebe. On his way out of the school, he sees another “fuck you” written on the wall, scratched in this time. He thinks that cleaning up all the “fuck yous” in the world is hopeless and heads to the museum.
At the museum, he meets two young brothers who want to see the mummies. He kids around with them for a moment, then shows them the way, but they get scared and run off. Alone in the mummy’s tomb, Holden sees another “Fuck you” on the wall. Afterward, he goes to the bathroom and nearly passes out before going to meet Phoebe.
He finds Phoebe wearing his red hunting hat and carrying a suitcase—if he’s running away, she’s going with him. Holden becomes upset with her, yelling at her about the play she’s supposed to be in, and she starts to cry. He tries to get her to check her bag at the museum, but she stands firm and throws his hat at him, saying she’s not going back to school and refusing to budge.
Finally, Holden says she can skip school and go on a walk with him if she promises to go back tomorrow. She runs across the street, and he starts walking in the other direction, knowing that she’ll follow. They walk to the zoo on opposite sides of the block, then begin to get closer to each other as they enter the zoo and look at the animals. They arrive at the carousel, and Holden buys Phoebe a ticket. He watches her ride the carousel, trying to grab the gold ring and afterward buys her more tickets. She takes his hunting hat out of his pocket and puts it back on his head, and he watches her ride as it starts to pour on him, thinking “God, I wish you could’ve been there” (275).
The novel concludes with a brief chapter set in the present, with Holden saying that he doesn’t feel like telling the rest of how he ended up in an institution. He also doesn’t know if he’s going to apply himself when he goes to a new school in the fall; he won’t know until he’s there. When D. B. visits, he asks what Holden thinks about everything that happened, and Holden admits he doesn’t know. All he knows is that he’s started to miss all the people he’s talked about, even the ones who he said he didn’t like.
Mr. Antolini may be the adult who sees Holden best and shows him real concern, even more than his parents or his other teachers. Antolini correctly predicts that Holden is in crisis, and he tries to bolster him by saying that many people have felt the same way as he does. This highlights Holden’s struggle to fit in. There’s a tension in the idea that Holden is concerned that he’s a fraud like everyone else coupled with Antolini’s assertion that his being like so many others that came before him should give him comfort.
That Antolini sees Holden so well makes their later encounter even more disturbing for Holden. There is an element of anti-gay prejudice in Holden’s conversations with Carl and his disgust with Antolini touching him in his sleep, but more than that, he’s upset that Antolini has an ulterior motive with him, which causes Holden to retreat even further away from the world around him. This is tied into Holden’s thinking the next day when he keeps seeing the phrase “fuck you” graffitied around town. To Holden, these signs are inevitable in the adult world, which is riddled with hostility and ulterior motives. This highlights The Desire to Preserve Childhood Innocence.
Holden’s experience walking on the street is a sign that his emotional distress is boiling over. It’s not until he sees Phoebe that he’s able to calm down, even though he has to manage her anger with him. She’s wearing his hat when she sees him, and every action between the two of them that involves the hat is highly symbolic—she wears it to indicate she’s aligned with him, then throws it in his face, and finally puts it on his head as an act of acceptance.
There’s a shift in Holden’s thinking that happens when he watches Phoebe reach for the gold ring on the carousel: earlier, he had been thinking of himself as someone who needed to protect children, but now he sees that “If they fall off, they fall off, but it’s bad if you say anything to them” (274). He watches her, realizing that protecting her will be impossible, and his thinking indicates that he might be growing to accept that. The final line of the chapter, “God, I wish you could have been there,” drives this point home further, as he appears to be addressing Allie in that moment (275).
The final chapter serves as a brief epilogue, as Holden skips over the part of the story in which he’s experiencing a mental health crisis. Whether Holden will be different when he returns to school is an open question for him, but it’s clear that his reflection has had an impact on him, somehow.
By J. D. Salinger