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54 pages 1 hour read

David Isay, Maya Millett

Callings: The Purpose and Passion of Work

Nonfiction | Biography | Adult | Published in 2016

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Part 5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 5: “Groundbreakers”

Part 5, Chapter 47 Summary: “Jerry Lawson, Video Game Inventor”

Brother and sister Marc Anderson Lawson and Karen Lawson talk about their father, video game inventor Jerry Lawson. Jerry grew up in Queens, where he developed an interest in science and technology. At an early age, he fixed television sets and other electronics. He went to Palo Alto, California, to join the tech revolution and do what he loves. There, he invented the first cartridge-based home video game system, the Fairchild Channel F.

Marc and Karen recall growing up in San Francisco and playing Channel F as children. Their father built a lab in the garage filled with computers and electronic parts. One summer, their father took away the video games and gave them computer programming books instead so they could learn to make games themselves. This led Marc to become a software developer.

Though their father has now passed, they remember him as full of life, a “man without limitations” who “created his own destiny” (231).

Part 5, Chapter 48 Summary: “Clela Rorex, County Clerk”

County Clerk Clela Rorex talks with her friend, Sue Larson. Clela first ran for county clerk in Boulder, Colorado, in 1974. At the time, no woman had held that office in 30 years, and she was surprised when she won the election. As county clerk, she issued marriage licenses and license plates and managed documents and voting. When Boulder passed the first ordinance in the country to protect LGBTQ rights, Clela found herself mired in controversy.

In 1975, a gay couple arrived to get a marriage license. After some research, Clela decided that Colorado marriage law did not specify man and woman, and she was legally required to give them the license. She soon received hate mail as entire church congregations wrote to condemn her. She issued five more marriage licenses for LGBTQ couples before the threats scared her and she left office.

Sue was in high school at the time and was impressed by the story. She calls Clela an incredible ally and one of her heroes.

Part 5, Chapter 49 Summary: “Eric D. Williams, Pastor”

Reverend Eric D. Williams speaks with his colleague, Jannette Berkeley-Patton. Early in the AIDS epidemic, he received a request to perform funeral rites for a gay man who died of AIDS. The pastor of his own church refused to give him a proper burial. Eric, a Black pastor in a Black community, knew how divisive the issue was and feared conflict with the other pastors in his community, but he knew it was the right thing to do.

Afterward, he wanted to educate others about AIDS. When other clergy heard what he was doing, he lost fellowships, was accused of having AIDS himself, and was ostracized by his community. Eventually, attitudes changed and people began to trust him again.

Eric says that he is not a vocal person and would have preferred not to stir up trouble and be noticed, but he was called to do this work. He says, “I came into this work kicking and screaming [...] But my heart was pulled. Everything good that I’ve been able to accomplish in ministry has started with some kind of a burden, and AIDS burdened me” (239).

Part 5, Chapter 50 Summary: “Laura Martinez, Chef and Restaurateur”

Chef and restaurateur Laura Martinez speaks with her business advisor, Andrew Fogaty, about opening her own restaurant. Laura, blind from a young age, talks about cooking with her mother in Mexico as a child and learning by smell. She attended culinary school at Le Cordon Bleu, one of the most prestigious culinary schools in the world. However, she had difficulty finding work after graduation and decided to open her own restaurant. She hired Andrew to help her obtain a small business loan, but the banks refused to take her seriously. Andrew believed in Laura and refused to give up.

After several years of work, they succeeded, and Laura opened her first restaurant, La Diosa in Chicago. Laura claims that she would never have succeeded without Andrew, but Andrew disagrees. He was happy to help but believes she would have succeeded no matter what, telling her she is a “pioneer” and a “groundbreaker” (245).

Part 5, Chapter 51 Summary: “Dorothy Glinton, Ford Assembly Plant Supervisor”

Dorothy Glinton speaks with her son, Sonari Glinton, about becoming a Ford assembly plant supervisor. After a divorce, she moved to Chicago and worked for General Telephone and Electric until she was laid off. She then started college at 30 years old while raising two kids alone. Despite many obstacles, she graduated.

Then, she got a job working on a Ford assembly line. One day, she marched into the corporate office with her resume and demanded to know why there were no women in management positions. She told them she was qualified so they should just hire her, and to her surprise, they did.

Dorothy became the second woman ever in a management position at the plant. Many of her male co-workers harassed her, played disgusting pranks, and complained that she was stealing men’s jobs. In response, she simply worked harder. She also fought to improve conditions for women and sued Ford for equal employment, leading to more women in management and operations.

Part 5, Chapter 52 Summary: “Wendell Scott, NASCAR Driver”

Frank Scott talks about his father, NASCAR driver Wendell Scott, with his son, Warrick Scott. Wendell began racing cars in 1952, at a time when there were no other Black men in racing. He did not have sponsors or much income. His children worked in the garage, and Wendell often made do with used and discarded car parts to keep his car working.

Wendell was not allowed to race in certain states because of segregation. During one race, Wendell was given third place despite winning because the organizers did not want him interacting with the white beauty queen who always handed out the trophy and kissed the winner. He was also often not allowed to eat or buy gas at the “white only” diners and truck stops while he traveled to races.

Despite this, he never considered quitting. He always raced, even when sick or injured. Wendell died in 1990, and in 2015, he became the first African American to be inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame.

Part 5, Chapter 53 Summary: “Lyle Link, Building Contractor”

Lyle Link speaks with his granddaughter, Clary Dreher, about being a building contractor. As a child, Lyle was raised as a dairy farmer. However, he decided he could not live the way his father wanted him to, so he dropped out of school and left town. He married and had six kids. Then, by accident, he became a building contractor with no training or experience. He bluffed his way through before discovering that he was a natural problem solver and salesman.

He explains that after the Great Depression and World War II, many businessmen were dishonest and took advantage of people, but he did everything he could to prove he can be trusted. He saw every building he made as a monument built to last and took that responsibility seriously. When his granddaughter asks him if he has any regrets, he says he does not. Every mistake he made was a learning opportunity. His advice is to “live with courage” (257).

Part 5 Analysis

The fifth and final part of Callings is about people who break barriers such as race, gender, or class discrimination, as well as those who innovate. Isay pulls the word “groundbreakers” from the chapter about Laura Martinez, a blind restaurateur whose business advisor praises her as a “groundbreaker.” Every individual in this section has chosen a kind of work that likewise makes them a groundbreaker.

For instance, Jerry Lawson is an innovator who broke new ground in technology with the first cartridge-based video game system. Jerry’s contribution to computers, programming, and gaming during the 1970s tech boom in Palo Alto puts him in the same category as more famous innovators like Steve Jobs. Then there are those who broke gender and racial barriers, such as Dorothy Glinton and Wendell Scott. Dorothy worked hard not only to become a woman in management at Ford, part of a male-dominated industry, but also to help women who come after her do the same. Filing a lawsuit against her company over discrimination ensured that other women will also have new opportunities, creating more chances for others to find Work and the American Dream. Meanwhile, as the first Black man in NASCAR history, Wendell Scott pursued his passion despite the country still being segregated. While he struggled during his career to be treated equally, his influence has impacted racial equality in sports.

This section also includes Clela Rorex and Eric D. Williams, whose work called them to defy societal limitations and prejudices against the LGBTQ community at a time when even showing a gay person respect or kindness could be viewed as subversive. Clela argued that she was only doing her job as defined by the letter of the law when issuing marriage licenses to gay couples, but this simple act was a powerful display of defiance and allyship. The law could be used to support the opposite position––gay marriage was not explicitly legal––and her actions show how creative thinking can create change in unexpected ways. Similarly, Eric defied the accepted restrictions of his religious community to show compassion and understanding to those suffering from HIV/AIDS. At the time, associating with the LGBTQ community in general, and those with AIDS in particular, was condemned by the public, yet Eric felt called to do precisely this.

These individuals struggled through enormous obstacles and limitations to expand the possibilities of the American dream, not only for themselves but also for all those who come after them. In some cases, these stories also fit the other categories of the book, such as when Wendell sacrificed everything, including his physical safety, for his passion and dream of racing. Likewise, Eric’s calling as a pastor to help those with AIDS makes him a spiritual and community healer. Furthermore, these accounts highlight the way inspiration for a calling can come from surprising places. For instance, Dorothy would never have become a manager at Ford if she had not first been laid off from her previous job or joined the Ford assembly line out of financial necessity. Only once necessity placed her in the plant was she able to realize her potential and help achieve equal employment for women in the auto industry. The last stories in the collection emphasize that Listening for Inspiration in Unexpected Places and Finding Purpose and Pleasure in Work can not only change one’s life for the better but also change society as well.

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