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59 pages 1 hour read

Thanhha Lai

Butterfly Yellow

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2019

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Part 1, Chapters 13-20Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “The Road”

Part 1, Chapter 13 Summary: “Spiky Memories”

Seeing the destroyed church, Hằng is shaken, having imagined a reunion with her brother at this address for so many years. She has studied, practiced, and memorized this address, looking up the meanings of each of the words and trying to picture the location they indicate. She has fumbled through their pronunciation, difficult for her because Vietnamese words are almost all monosyllabic.

Exhausted, hungry, and desperate, difficult memories come flooding back to Hằng; she is unable to stop them, so she erases herself from them even as she remembers: Two monks, one older and one younger, lie among 46 bodies on a boat. A Thai fishing boat approaches, and the pirates on it bring out machetes. They are enraged at not having found enough loot, and trample over the men and drag the women to their boat. The older monk holds up a stone carving of Buddha, which enrages one of the pirates, who lifts his machete.

Part 1, Chapter 14 Summary: “Tattoos”

Hằng faints outside the church, and an old woman with a cane, who introduces herself as Mrs. Brown, wanders over to investigate. LeeRoy, irritated, explains that he was coerced into being Hằng’s taxi, but has to leave now. However, Mrs. Brown sweet-talks LeeRoy into bringing Hằng to her porch.

Mrs. Brown unbuttons Hằng’s shirt to help her cool down; LeeRoy spots red squiggles on Hằng’s throat, and assumes they are tattoos. Hằng insists she must find her brother, which piques Mrs. Brown’s interest. She asks LeeRoy to sit with Hằng while she fixes them both a snack but as soon as Mrs. Brown leaves, LeeRoy runs back to his truck and drives off.

Part 1, Chapter 15 Summary: “Musky Wildness”

Mrs. Brown returns with toast, butter, jam, and lemonade. She is not surprised to find LeeRoy missing and is sure he will return. Hằng slowly eats and drinks, after which Mrs. Brown asks her to talk. She is unable to understand Hằng’s accent, so she brings her paper and a pencil.

As Hằng writes, Mrs. Brown remembers a boy who looks just like Hằng, who came through the area years ago. Brother Grady brought the boy back from his volunteer trip to Vietnam and renamed him David. David didn’t speak for a month, until one day he plucked an unripe plum from the backyard and began speaking in a different language as he devoured the fruit.

Mrs. Brown discovers Hằng has drawn mustang stallions, and Hằng tells her that she always wanted to see horses in America and believes her brother would have wanted to see them with her, even though it is her fault that her brother is missing. From memory, Hằng writes out an entire National Geographic article on horses, word for word. Mrs. Brown confesses she knows where Hằng’s brother is; Mrs. Brown will get in trouble for telling Hằng but believes the girl has a right, as the boy’s sister. Mrs. Brown shows Hằng an envelope that contains a Christmas card with “a photograph of a blond woman and an olive-skinned boy on her lap” (59).

Part 1, Chapter 16 Summary: “Washed Bones”

Hằng hugs Mrs. Brown and tears up, but she quickly pulls back, embarrassed, thanking and apologizing to the woman simultaneously. Hugging Mrs. Brown reminds Hằng of hugging . When Hằng hugged Bà before she left Vietnam, Bà promised she would always be beside her granddaughter. Hằng believed Bà because Bà knew how to do everything. After the war, Bà managed to keep the family fed by trading and bartering different things; when a new quadrant Communist leader began courting Hằng’s mother, Bà appealed to him with conversation and different foods while Mother hid inside the house. Hằng, 17 at the time, was also hiding, secretly studying English, copying, and recopying the National Geographic article she first read with her father years ago.

Hằng remembers when she and Mother eventually left Vietnam by boat and how Bà assured her the year was lucky, and their escape would go unnoticed. They knew it was time to leave when the Communist leader had secured permission to occupy their house, after which it would be impossible to keep him away from Mother. They arranged for a neighbor to take Bà in. In the present, Hằng wonders if Bà and her father are buried together.

Hằng has no knowledge of how and when Father died, just that he had been translating for an American photographer near a battlefield. His body came back before the war ended. Conversely, Hằng knows that her mother died on February 17, but will never know her actual resting place. Now, she studies the envelope with the return address, “Los Cedros Ranch, FM 1265, Canyon, Texas” (64). She feels hope rising, and runs outside trying to tamp it down, just as LeeRoy returns.

Part 1, Chapter 17 Summary: “Nice-Guy Burden”

An angry LeeRoy demands to know who swiped his wallet, and Mrs. Brown smilingly confesses; the theft was her way of ensuring his return. He counts out all his money carefully, then ravenously devours Hằng’s leftover toast. Even as he plans to leave again, Mrs. Brown convinces him to listen to what she has to say.

She tells him how the man who ran the church and brought Hằng’s brother to Texas was killed in a car accident, and Linh, now David, was taken in by the man’s sister. Hằng asks LeeRoy to take her to the new address and offers him 40 dollars. She climbs into LeeRoy’s truck even as he protests. Mrs. Brown brings over a bucket of ice and a washcloth for Hằng. LeeRoy resignedly begins driving again.

Part 1, Chapter 18 Summary: “Glass-Whip”

Hằng wets the washcloth with ice cubes and cools her neck gratefully. She is eager to get to her brother before Chú Quốc catches up. When they met yesterday, he had insisted she continue her studies, perhaps in medicine, the way her father would have done and he not met Hằng’s mother. LeeRoy hears Hằng’s stomach growling and tells her he won’t stop because they are running behind. Hằng contemplates how his name sounds like “Ly-Roi” in Vietnamese, which translates to “Glass-Whip.”

LeeRoy stops in front of a crowded building and steps inside, warning Hằng to stay in the truck. However, she gets out and peeks inside. The crowded floor brings back a memory of a pirate lifting the young monk by the throat, prompting the older monk to run and scratch at his back. The pirate swung the machete at the older monk’s throat in retaliation. Hằng pinches herself to stop the memories and tries to locate LeeRoy.

Suddenly, the entrance door opens and LeeRoy is flung out, shoved and kicked by a man. Hằng turns to LeeRoy’s attacker and rams her head into him. LeeRoy grabs her before she can do so again; they run to the truck and drive away. Hằng asks LeeRoy to thank her, so that she can say, “Du eo-khầm” (You’re welcome). He refuses, even as he tries to stop his bleeding nose. Hằng lets him pout, assuming he is embarrassed.

Part 1, Chapter 19 Summary: “Poem”

LeeRoy rants about what happened inside: He was in line, so close to meeting Bruce Ford, when a man cut in line, pushing and shoving LeeRoy, getting him tossed out. LeeRoy shows Hằng his grandfather’s buckle and tell her its story, but she stays silent throughout his commentary.

In a bid to get her to talk, LeeRoy asks Hằng if she knows what rap music is and plays a song. Hằng smiles, listens intently, taps out the rhythm, and begins singing along, clearly pronouncing all the words now. LeeRoy is amazed at how she made out the lyrics, and Hằng simply states that the song is a “‘Pô-èm. Ai lớp pô-èm-sì’” (80) (Poem. I love poems.).

It is dark by the time they arrive at the new address. Hằng is in a hurry to go inside, but LeeRoy tells her they must wait till daybreak. He asks if she has any food, and she reluctantly gives up crackers and an orange, the latter of which she had been saving for her brother. They both settle down for the night in the truck.

Part 1, Chapter 20 Summary: “Rich Blood Beneath Glossy Skin”

In the morning, Hằng marches up to the front door and is greeted by a blonde woman and a boy who looks like her brother but is older than Hằng had imagined. She greets him in Vietnamese, asserting she has arrived as promised, but to her shock, the boy slams the door in her face.

LeeRoy offers to try to speak to the boy, but just as he is about to knock, Chú Quốc arrives and yells at LeeRoy to get away from his niece. Hằng informs him that Linh is inside; Chú Quốc runs to the door and exclaims to the blonde woman that he is Linh’s family, and Linh was kidnapped in Vietnam. Infuriated, the woman yells at the group to not upset her son and slams the door shut again.

Chú Quốc pushes Hằng towards the car, asking her to come home, explaining that they will return later with legal documents. Hằng screams to LeeRoy for help, who to his own surprise, chases after Hằng and Chú Quốc in his truck. He races the car and breaks sideways in front of it, causing the car to ram into the truck. LeeRoy and Chú Quốc both yell at each other for damaging their respective vehicles.

The police arrive, along with the blonde woman, and the man from a neighboring house who looks like a real cowboy. Everyone except the cowboy talk and yell all at once. Hằng walks to a nearby fence and sits against it, watching her brother retreat into the house in the distance. She resolves that she will stay close to him henceforth.

Part 1, Chapters 13-20 Analysis

In these Chapters, two of the book’s main themes are woven together: Language and Communication in Relationships, and The Gap Between Dreams, Expectations, and Reality. Hằng worries that she has arrived at a dead-end but is pleasantly surprised when a friendly neighbor, Mrs. Brown, reveals where Linh, now renamed David, may be. Hằng’s initial despair when faced with the abandoned building at the address is soon replaced by hope when Mrs. Brown hands her a picture of her brother and a new address. Although inspired by the new address, Hằng is also unnerved by having to shift her focus; for so many years, the address in Amarillo demanded Hằng and her family’s single-pointed focus, and the new address seems to simply dismiss the grief and effort symbolized by the Amarillo one. Hằng describes how all of them spent considerable time and effort learning the multisyllabic words, a difficult task for native speakers of a largely monosyllabic language.

LeeRoy and Hằng’s connection is further underscored when Mrs. Brown is unable to understand Hằng’s accented English, which LeeRoy has been able to decipher so far with relative ease. When Mrs. Brown hands the girl a paper and pencil to facilitate conversation, Hằng reveals her skills in a different medium of communication: She sketches a detailed illustration of horses to accompany a memorized National Geographic article and an explanation for it.

Hằng’s perfect replication of the article is once again a testament to the kind of mental space and energy the dream of finding her brother has taken up. The horses she draws are an important symbol that appear in later chapters; her drawing, similarly, is a recurring motif, significant to the way she will communicate. With LeeRoy, however, she doesn’t seem to need anything other than language to make herself understood—in fact, the pair find a shared interest when LeeRoy plays her rap music in the truck. Hằng introduces to LeeRoy the perspective that rap music is, ultimately, a form of poetry.

Renewed by a sense of hope and a new address, Hằng and LeeRoy journey on to Canyon, Texas; however, Hằng meets an outcome she and had never accounted for in all their plans: Linh does not want to see Hằng. He doesn’t seem to understand Hằng’s greeting in Vietnamese, and according to his adoptive mother’s explanation, Linh is disturbed by Hằng’s presence. Despite this setback, Hằng cannot give up the dream now; she resolves to find a way to stay close to her brother, regardless of his displeasure.

Hằng’s uncle, Chú Quốc, who has finally caught up with her, presents yet another complication. Not only does he want Hằng to return with him, but he also wants to reclaim Linh by taking legal action. This situation is a nod to the aftermath of Operation Babylift and some of the complications that arose for the Vietnamese children who were adopted, their birth families, as well as their adoptive families (see: Background). Linh, now David, is upset by the sudden appearance of people claiming to be his birth family. His adoptive mother is furious at the insinuation that her son was kidnapped from Vietnam, and Linh and Chú Quốc are, in turn, shaken by the fact that Linh is turning them away.

The complexity of the situation also highlights the theme of “The Horrid and the Sublime. Despite her brother’s displeasure at her presence, Hằng cannot abandon her attempt to reunite with him. She has endured far too much in the journey to finding him. She frequently works to keep traumatic memories at bay when they threaten to resurface, but there are constant reminders of the suffering from the Vietnam war and its legacy—from complete loss of family to the mysterious squiggly scars that cover her body.

An important symbol that appears in this section is fruit: Mrs. Brown remembers a young Linh speaking for the first time since his arrival from Vietnam, when he plucked and ate an unripe plum, which suggests that Linh’s cultural origins are not completely forgotten. New characters introduced in these chapters include Linh’s adoptive mother and her neighbor, the real cowboy, both of whose names the reader will learn in the next set of chapters. The reader also meets Linh for the first time, now renamed David, reacting to Hằng in a way she never imagined. One also gains more insight into Hằng’s and LeeRoy’s characters: the former’s stubbornness and determination to pursue a goal is highlighted, as is the latter’s inherent good nature, as he continues to help Hằng despite his constant grumbling.

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