46 pages • 1 hour read
Jean Van LeeuwenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Mary Ellen recovers from her fever but Mrs. Clark contracts the sickness and dies shortly thereafter. They bury her before crossing the next river. Mary Ellen notices her sons Jesse Clark and Willie Clark crying and singing hymns. Not long later, Captain Clark gets sick, too. One night, the Todds hear a scream from their wagon. Father checks in on them and discovers that Mr. Clark is having hallucinations from the fever. He became so confused that he tried attacking his sons with a knife. Father brings the boys to their wagon and stays with Captain Clark. However, he dies from the fever not long later. In the days following, Mary Ellen starts to worry about what will happen to them. Suddenly she feels angry with Father for bringing them all this way. She misses Grandma, too, and fears she’ll never see her again.
The Todds and McReynolds cross the Snake River and follow the Burnt River for many miles thereafter. By September, they start to see forests for the first time since leaving Missouri. Then, they head into the Blue Mountains. The road gets harder, and the family runs low on supplies. One night, Mother gets upset when Buck steals her bread out of the frying pan. However, the family eventually laughs about the situation.
After crossing the Blue Mountains, the families return to the prairie. Mary Ellen regains her strength and starts helping her family again. One day, they encounter an Indigenous tribe tending their garden. Mary Ellen eyes a giant cabbage, realizing how much she misses vegetables. Father tells her that they can’t take the food because the Indigenous people only have enough for themselves. That night, Mary Ellen dreams of vegetables and fruits. In the morning, Father wakes her and the other children and says he has a surprise for them. Inside the wagon, Mother is curled up with a new baby boy they’ve named Elijah. That night, John cooks for the family and Father reads “the story of Elijah from the Bible” (134). Mary Ellen goes to sleep feeling hopeful and thinking of everything they’ve overcome throughout their journey.
The Todds and McReynolds return to the road although Mother is still recovering from the birth. They reach the Columbia River a few days later. In the next days, Jesse gets sick and dies. They leave the Clark wagon behind and continue on with the remainder of Mrs. McReynolds and her children. Then, Father gets sick, too. Mother is too weak to do anything, and Mrs. McReynolds is still grieving the deaths of the Clark family members. In the meantime, John takes over all of the chores. He tries to cook, too, but the food is awful. Meanwhile, Father is ailing with a fever and groaning in pain. Mary Ellen lies awake terrified that if Father dies, none of them will survive. Then, she remembers Grandma and tells herself to be brave. The next day, she tells John that Father would want them to continue traveling and offers to help him lead the wagons. They only make it “four or five miles that day” (141), but Mary Ellen is proud of herself, and Mother thanks her for all of her help, especially with the cooking.
Father’s condition eventually improves. They resume their faster pace and eventually reach The Dalles. While camped here, Mrs. McReynolds meets another family from Ohio and decides to travel by raft down the Columbia with them. The Todds decide to take the rougher road around the Cascade Mountains. Before they part, Mrs. McReynolds thanks the Todds for all of their help.
The Todds journey towards Mount Hood. They have to move slowly because the roads are so rough. At Laurel Hill, Father and John struggle to get the oxen down the trail because it is so steep. Mary Ellen is convinced that the oxen will gain too much speed and drag the wagon down with them, crushing and destroying everything. However, they make it down safely and the family continues onward. Not long later, they discover that Buck is injured and must leave him behind. They hook their spare ox to the team and continue. Then one day, they come upon a group of abandoned wagons filled with supplies. Father encourages Mother to take whatever she needs. Feeling guilty, she only takes a few things. Later, they notice a group of Indigenous people heading to the wagons, and Mother regrets not collecting more supplies.
The Todds emerge from the mountains and look out over the Oregon valley. They rejoice that they finally made it. That night, they sing hymns and recite psalms around the campfire. They each share what they’re grateful for, too.
The family arrives in Oregon and Father rents 40 acres. They buy new oxen and supplies, and Father starts building a cabin for the family. Father builds furniture, too, and Mary Ellen helps Mother gather and prepare the other furnishings. Finally, one day, Mary Ellen decides to write a letter to Grandma. In the letter, she tells Grandma about many of the adventures they had along the Oregon Trail. She also tells her about Oregon and baby Elijah. Afterwards, she realizes that Grandma won’t be coming to Oregon after all because she’s too old and fragile to make such a difficult journey. She starts to cry realizing she’ll never see her again.
Father finishes the cabin and starts building split-rail fences for the livestock. One day, Mary Ellen finds an abandoned potato field on the property and negotiates with the neighbor Mr. McCorkle to share the crop. Another day, Father lets her practice using his whip again and she finally snaps it. Mother scolds her for being unladylike, but Mary Ellen is proud of herself.
On Christmas morning, Mother gives Mary Ellen and her sisters mittens that she made, and the family has Christmas dinner together. They gather around the fire, crack hazelnuts, eat popcorn, and share stories from their travels. They also remember their friends and family back in Arkansas. Mary Ellen decides to keep writing to Grandma. She also decides to make a new quilt for Elijah, which will help her welcome the baby and remember her grandmother. Afterwards, she climbs into bed with Louvina and thinks she feels Mother’s hand brushing her hair.
The final chapters of the novel lead Mary Ellen’s narrative through its climax, descending action, denouement, and resolution. Throughout the novel, Mary Ellen’s account follows a linear plot line. The novel opens shortly before the Todd family decides to move to Oregon and traces their experiences along the Oregon Trail throughout the chapters following. In Chapters 13-16, the Todds grow closer to their destination, but their migration challenges aren’t over. The narrative climax occurs in Chapter 14 when Father falls ill, the ultimate obstacle they face regarding The Challenges of Migration. Throughout the surrounding chapters, many members of the Todd family and the Todd family’s wagon train have contracted cholera and mountain fever, illnesses which have led to bouts of hallucination, weakened health, and oftentimes death. Father’s illness occurs shortly after the deaths of the other men in the Todd family’s train. Therefore, this plot point acts as the climax because if the family does not overcome this conflict, they may not survive. Indeed, while father is lying in bed “groan[ing], as if he were in agony,” Mary Ellen says that a “shiver of dread [runs] all the way through [her]” (139). She has been journeying for long enough to know that if something happens to her father, she and her group have a less likely chance of surviving. Mary Ellen and John band together to support the train, and after Father’s condition improves, the narrative tension diffuses. The family is able to shift responsibilities as Mary Ellen and John step up, highlighting The Importance of Family and Community to Survival. At this point in the story, Mary Ellen understands that she must do all she can to contribute to their safe passage. She has learned to emulate her father’s behaviors, and she faces the ultimate challenge in temporarily adopting his role on the Oregon Trail.
Further, Mary Ellen’s character proves resilient and determined throughout these final sequences of her migration west with her family. For example, even though she is terrified of losing her father in Chapter 14, she doesn't let her fear overtake her spirit. She realizes that even if she doesn’t feel brave, she can put “one foot in front of the other” in order to make it through and to endure the remainder of their journey (141). Mary Ellen’s strengthened state of mind amidst this crisis conveys her emotional growth and her adoption of The Pioneer Experience and Spirit. The same is true of how she responds to her family’s new life in Oregon. Mary Ellen is grateful that she and her family have survived the seemingly impossible trip west. For the first time, she is also able to see why Father wanted to bring their family to Oregon. At the same time, Mary Ellen’s thankfulness doesn’t erase her sorrow and longing. She still misses her grandmother and her old home. Her ability to experience these contrasting emotions at the same time is yet another sign of her maturity.
Mary Ellen also figures out new ways to process and respond to her more difficult emotions in these final chapters. For example, she starts writing letters to her grandmother to preserve this familial connection. She also decides that she will use “nine-patch squares that Grandma [...] started [her] on and [...] sew them into a quilt for Elijah” (164). This new project is Mary Ellen’s way of welcoming her baby brother into the world and commemorating her grandmother. The quilt project is therefore a symbol of both the past and the present. Mary Ellen will use the new quilt to welcome the newness her life in Oregon offers and to remember and show gratitude for the life she left behind. These facets of Mary Ellen’s account lend the narrative a hopeful conclusion.
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