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Jorge Luis BorgesA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
“Borges and I” is fundamentally a meditation on identity. Borges presents a duality of identity—the personal, private self (“I”) and the public persona (“Borges”). This division reflects the complexity of identity, suggesting that individuals have multifaceted, often conflicting selves. The tension between “I” and “Borges” raises questions about self-perception and how others perceive people. It emphasizes the idea that personal identity is not fixed but can be shaped by external factors, including one’s own creative work.
For Borges, creativity is rooted in the complex terrain of the inner self, a realm profoundly influenced by one’s personality and experiences, including the act of reading literature. With this, Borges identifies more with the books he has absorbed than with those he has authored. Consequently, his inner identity is not merely shaped by his own creative expressions but by the rich tapestry of literature he has encountered. His external identity, represented by the written works he produces, assumes a different role, providing that same opportunity for identity building to other readers. Borges suggests that as soon as he transforms an idea into a narrative or book, it transitions from his inner self to becoming part of his public persona and the literary canon.
This dual nature of personality, as contemplated by Borges, presents a predicament for the author. He grapples with a sense of loss when aspects of his identity become distorted and amplified as they merge with his public persona. However, Borges also acknowledges the indispensable role of both facets of his identity. The literature associated with the Borges persona is integral to the inner identity—it “justifies” his inner creative essence. It constitutes the external manifestation of his inner creative force. Despite the inner conflict associated with the external persona, it remains vital for channeling his creative energy.
At the same time, Borges’s creative output grants him a degree of immortality. He engages in existential contemplation, pondering the nature of his existence and the consequences of his literary career. He reflects on the ephemeral and vulnerable nature of the “I” that exists outside of his writings. While the “I” is the more complex being, he is mortal and the intricacies of his mind will die when he does. By contrast, his works will live on after him, becoming part of the literary canon and influencing other writers. While future readers will only know as much as appears on the page or in biographical notes, his creativity ensures that he will not disappear altogether.
Borges explores the power of literature to create personas and characters. He depicts “Borges” as a character brought to life through his writing. This highlights the transformative capacity of storytelling, where an author’s words breathe life into fictional or semi-fictional entities.
The theme of literary creation also underscores the idea that authors don’t fully control the characters they create. Once born from the written word, these characters can take on lives of their own, sometimes influencing the author’s public image. The essay explores how the act of writing blurs the line between reality and fiction. Borges suggests that “Borges” is a constructed persona as much as any of the characters in his stories. This underscores the ambiguity between the author’s actual self and the literary entities he creates. This theme reflects the idea that writing is an art that reflects the author’s experiences, influences, and imagination. The line between fact and fiction is porous, and authors often infuse their work with aspects of their own identity, intentionally or unintentionally.
The essay also emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between an author and their readers. “Borges” exists as a construct shaped not only by the author’s words but also by how readers interpret and engage with his work. This underscores the collaborative nature of literature. Authors create narratives, but readers play an active role in giving those narratives meaning. The readers contribute to constructing the author’s public identity through their interpretations. In turn, reading a piece of literature will affect the reader’s thoughts and perception—neither the reader nor the author comes away from the interaction the same.
Another aspect of Borges’s narrative is the nature of celebrity. The public “Borges” persona is the version of the author that the audience knows. Achieving celebrity often results in the audience perceiving a distorted image of the writer. The fragment of the author’s identity that the public encounters may not necessarily align with the author’s own self-perception. Once celebrity status is attained, an author faces considerable challenges when attempting to create without taking the audience and considerations of public perception into account. The public may be privy to certain aspects of a person’s identity, such as preferences like “hourglasses, maps, eighteenth-century typography, [and] the taste of coffee” (Paragraph 1). However, the nuances, historical significance, or personal stories associated with these preferences do not always translate. These nuances belong to the inner identity, while the external world perceives a simplified list of likes and dislikes or factual information. Borges’s fame as a writer creates a paradoxical situation in which success leads to a divide between his public and private selves. This highlights the alienating effects of public recognition. As an author garners acclaim, their identity as perceived by the public increasingly overshadows their personal self, leading to a sense of estrangement.
By Jorge Luis Borges