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88 pages 2 hours read

Pam Muñoz Ryan

Becoming Naomi Leon

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2004

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Part 2, Chapter 17-EpilogueChapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2, Chapter 17 Summary: “An Exaltation of Starlings”

As the family returns to their booth, they find that a huge crowd has gathered around their display. When they get to the front, Naomi sees their hard work from the past three days assembled for the first time. After the judges come by and make notes, the waiting begins. When the judges announce the winners, Naomi, Bernardo, Beni, and Pedro win second place and a cash price in the free design category. They’re ecstatic about the results. Fireworks fill the sky to signal the end of the festivities.

As they walk home, a man approaches and calls out to Bernardo. He freezes when he sees Gram and the children. The man turns around and runs. Equally shocked, Gram manages to identify the man as Santiago León. Naomi follows his red cap through the crowd, sprinting to catch up with him. She doesn’t catch him. The family tries to soothe her by offering her reasons why he might have run away: He might be feeling shame, shock, or fear. Gram assures her they can visit Teresa in the morning and track Santiago down. Naomi doesn’t feel any better about those possibilities.

To distract themselves, the family participates in a good luck ritual. Grudgingly, Naomi plays along, but her mood doesn’t waver much from despair. When they arrive home, the dog, Lulu barks loudly as they try to get in the door. Leaves fall from the nearby jacaranda tree, and Naomi notices there wasn’t any wind to cause the rustle.

Part 2, Chapter 18 Summary: “A Pride of Lions”

Santiago León steps out of the shadows, and the children and their father have a tearful reunion. They talk about what has happened since they were last together. The children tell Santiago all about Skyla’s return and how they have been trying to find him since they arrived in Mexico. Santiago tells them about his life in Puerto Escondido where he takes tourists out to fish. He tells the children that his boat’s name is Soledad. The children think he named it after the saint. Santiago explains that he named his children after the saint, “but my boat was named for [my children]” (215).

Before they head off to bed, Naomi gives Santiago the lion that she carved for the contest. Saddened, Santiago laments that he’s broken a 100-year family tradition by not showing up in time this year. Fabiola contradicts him by saying that Naomi carved the lion he holds in his hands. Santiago swells with pride and joy that his daughter has made something so beautiful. As they go to sleep, Naomi reflects that “a waterfall of happiness has drowned out [her] nagging worries, at least for now” (217).

Part 2, Chapter 19 Summary: “A Cry of Hounds”

The children get to spend Christmas with their father. On Christmas Day, they wake up to find that he has decorated the jacaranda tree with carved figures that he’s tied to the tree with fishing line. The children lay beneath the tree with their father and delight in the colorful figures dancing in the wind.

Later, Santiago shares carving wisdom with Naomi as they sit and carve figures together. He explains to Naomi that his process is like hers: He looks at the piece of wood he’s carving and imagines what’s inside. Santiago explains that he doesn’t try to control a carving’s outcome if he makes a mistake. Santiago gives Naomi a carving that has a lion’s body and a girl’s head. Naomi thinks this one looks a little like her.

Gram interrupts them with a little bit of sad news. Mrs. Maloney has had her interview with the court-appointed mediator. The mediator told Mrs. Maloney that they all need to complete interviews by January 3, which means the children only have two more days with their father. Naomi worries about the court date and wishes that she could stay. Santiago explains that he’s written a letter of support stating that “[his] wishes are for [Naomi] and Owen to live with María” (222). He apologizes to Naomi for not fighting for them when they were younger, but he is happy to fight for them now.

Two days later, Santiago cuts down the carvings so the children can take all of them home. During their tearful goodbye, Santiago encourages Naomi to be brave and have faith that everything will work out. Still, on the way home, Naomi can’t help but feel overwhelming sadness.

Part 2, Chapter 20 Summary: “A Crash of Hippopotami”

When they return, Gram and the Outlaw children complete their interviews with a mediator who asks the children questions about what kind of food they eat, how many baths they take, and whether they ever had head lice. As they head to court, Naomi worries that she may not have answered correctly.

The Outlaws arrive early for court, and Skyla and Clive arrive “at the last minute” (228). Gram sarcastically remarks that they look like “the all-American couple” (229). Skyla has dyed her hair light brown and put on a skirt and sweater set, pearls, and minimal makeup. Clive wears his hair cut short, with a button-down shirt and slacks. Skyla greets the children warmly, which makes Naomi feel resentful and angry.

The judge hears all the evidence, including reading the letter from the children’s father. Once she’s ready to rule, the judge gives the children a chance to speak for themselves. When she calls Naomi up to the stand, she explains that she does not like to separate children from their natural-born parents, which is the thing that the Outlaws have feared all along. The judge explains this to Naomi then asks her if there’s any reason she should not go to live with her mother.

Nervous at first, Naomi thinks about all she’s been through the past several weeks. Remembering her father’s words, she finds the courage speaks up. Naomi tells the judge everything she knows about Skyla and Santiago, including the most recent events from Skyla’s return. In her testimony, the judge learns that Skyla doesn’t want Owen, so she rules against Skyla, revoking any custody rights Skyla has to the children. Gram is awarded full custody and the judge welcomes Skyla to arrange supervised visitation for the future. Skyla and Clive walk out of the courtroom after the ruling.

Part 2, Chapter 21 Summary: “A Brood of Chicks”

Back at school, Naomi’s friends and teachers greet her warmly. When Naomi goes to lunch in the library with Mr. Marble, she volunteers information about her trip to Mexico and shows the students her carvings. Mr. Marble offers to display them in his large display case for the entire school to see, which thrills Naomi. And the end of the day, Blanca remarks to Naomi that her voice is louder since she’s returned from Mexico.

Epilogue Summary: “A Murmuration of Tomorrows”

The novel ends with an epilogue written in Naomi’s reflective voice, mimicking a journal entry. She reflects on the things that have changed and what has stayed the same since Skyla visited. Naomi has promised her father that she’ll visit Oaxaca every year to continue the family tradition of carving at La Noche de los Rábanos. The novel closes with her reflecting that she was becoming “becoming who [she] was meant to be, the Naomi Soledad León Outlaw of [her] wildest dreams” (246).

Part 2, Chapter 17-Epilogue Analysis

Compared to Skyla, Santiago’s arrival has an equal and opposite effect on the children and Gram. His sudden arrival startles the whole family, and his running away prompts Naomi and Gram to switch roles again. Naomi worries that he may not return, and Gram returns to being determined and thinking positively.

The children’s reunion with their father stands in stark contrast to the reunion they had with their mother. When he greets them, Santiago tearfully hugs his children tightly, as if he’s missed them for many years. Skyla’s hug was as if she was greeting strangers who she barely knew. Everything about the family reunion in Mexico is warm and loving. The chapter title, “A Pride of Lions” refers to the family name León and conjures an image of a family of lions.

To Naomi, Santiago “seem[s] shy,” but she attributes that to the fact that he might be “quiet, like [her]” (214). On Christmas Day, Santiago shares the carvings that he’s made, which remind Naomi of one of her earliest memories of him: a mobile that he created spinning above her and Owen’s bed. Again, this stands in contrast to their reunion with Skyla, which brought back memories of being abandoned, feeling lost, alone, and afraid.

When they visit the basilica, Naomi learns that her father gave her and Owen the name Soledad so they will always have a direct connection to Oaxaca. In the same way that fishermen pray to find a way home, Santiago indicates that he gave the children this name so that Oaxaca will always be calling them home. Symbolically, the name also signifies the connection between the father and his children. As a fisherman himself, when he prays for safety to go home, he’s calling out to be reunited with his children, his heritage, and his home, which is all connected. Ironically, the children were separated from their father during a storm when they were younger. Now returning to Oaxaca, the land of Our Lady of Solitude, is what brings the family back together.

Going home to California signals Naomi’s return to worry and Gram’s return to her power of positive thinking. Both Gram and Santiago encourage Naomi to be brave and focus on being positive in their own ways. While they talk about carving, Santiago shows Naomi how to allow the carving to become what it’s going to be, which is a metaphor for allowing life to unfold without worrying over it or needing to control the outcome. He encourages her to let go of needing everything to be picture perfect. This lesson also speaks to Naomi’s idealistic view of family—part of her character development revolves around learning to appreciate the beauty of the family she does have. It’s not quite like Gram’s positive thinking philosophy, but it makes sense to Naomi.

In the courtroom, Skyla’s lies challenge Naomi to speak up for the last time in this novel, and possibly for one of the most pivotal moments in her life. Naomi says she gathered the courage to speak up because she’d been practicing positive thinking about being with Gram. In the end, her “self-prophecy” comes true.

In the final chapter, everyone knows that Naomi has changed since her trip to Mexico. All their comments reference the novel’s title, Naomi’s transformation, and her living up to her name. They all say that she’s become a lioness because her voice is louder. When Naomi talks about her trip to Mexico without prompting, the change in Naomi’s character is shown: She’s bolder, braver, and more self-confident than ever before.

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