60 pages • 2 hours read
Patti Callahan HenryA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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The central conflict of the novel lies in the long journey of conversion for Joy, whose discovery of her Christian faith propels the novel’s action. Joy depicts the beginning of her faith, the first step in her full conversion, in Chapter 1, when she breaks down emotionally and falls to her knees, surrendering herself to what Lewis calls the “Hound of Heaven” (22). Describing her conversion as a pursuit, Joy grapples with her spiritual identity as she writes to Lewis, himself a converted atheist. While her sexual and physical desires for Lewis often cloud her search for faith, this amalgamation of sexual and spiritual desire reflects many of the earlier Christian sources Joy alludes to in the novel. While not explicitly sexual, Julian of Norwich blends physical ecstasy and spiritual yearnings in her Revelations, a late medieval English devotional text that exists in two different versions. Joy calls Julian Jack’s “favorite mystic” (155) as she repeats Julian’s famous line about the unfolding of God’s will.
Joy’s conversion takes a lifetime, which Lewis would not find unusual. In Christian theology, believers are called to a life of continuous conversion in an ongoing fine-tuning of attitude and action. Converts, however, tend to moments where conversion is easier to identify, such as when Joy falls to her knees in the nursery. In sharing her story with Jack, Joy includes her earlier identities when Jack asks for her “history,” revealing her changing allegiances and beliefs throughout her life. Cycling through the various masks she’s worn, Joy catalogs her ethnic Jewish identity, her atheism, and her affiliation as a Communist as “masks” she has worn. Conversion means removing these masks. The process feels laborious because it is, and Joy voices her frustration that she “can’t get this Christian thing right” (333) after she and Jack discuss his correspondence with Ruth Pitter and Joy’s jealousy. These feelings appear late in her life, well after the age of maturity, which speaks to conversion as a lifelong process involving repeated surrendering. Confessing that she “Sometimes […] forget [s] to turn to” (333) God, Joy echoes the origins of the word conversion, itself a turning away from the world and toward God.
Throughout the novel, the long process of conversion also applies to behaviors and beliefs beyond Joy’s burgeoning Christianity. Warnie and Bill both struggle with their own reformation, trying to live in the world without alcohol and to purge themselves of the desire to drink excessively. Linking conversion implicitly to Bill’s and Warnie’s behavior, the novel implicates several characters in their journeys to convert and change. Even Lewis must undergo a conversion of his views on love and marriage, believing first that he and Joy can only enjoy a deep friendship. However, when she receives a terminal diagnosis, he experiences a moment of conversion, realizing that their romantic love should be blessed and their marriage validated in a Church wedding. Ending the novel with her own epilogue, given postmortem, Joy makes conversion a family affair, highlighting that her “heartbroken sons would delve into their own faith,” with Davy turning to his ancestors' Orthodox Judaism and Douglas continuing to follow his mother and stepfather. By treating conversion as emotional and religious, the novel expands conversion as a phenomenon, making Joy’s surrender to her faith important beyond Christian contexts.
Marriage is one of the central conflicts of the novel, as Joy struggles with her difficult husband, whose alcohol addiction and recurring infidelity test the limits of their marriage. Pushed by her mother and Bill to be a model wife, Joy views marriage differently, seeking space to balance her domestic identity with her authorial one. As she complains about her marriage to Renee, Joy claims Bill “wants me to be who I cannot be: a housewife, maid, and submissive spouse” (56). Reacting against Bill’s wish to make her “a compliant doll” (56), Joy pursues motherhood and her authorial identity independently.
While Renee eventually marries Bill and becomes, at least briefly, the model wife he wants, Joy struggles to survive in a marriage that demands submission that she cannot even yet give God. Linked to her conversion, Joy’s unhappiness in her marriage to Bill disintegrates as her friendship with Lewis grows. Bill’s callousness toward his marriage and his physical and emotional abuse force Joy to reconsider her investment in a marriage she has been trying to save. When she shows Bill’s letter announcing his love for her cousin Renee, Jack counsels divorce while also believing that marriage is sacred. Remarking on her “determination and willpower to make a go of marriage” (171), Jack seems incredulous that Joy will return to such a toxic union.
In the novel’s final part, the title Becoming Mrs. Lewis becomes real, as Joy marries Lewis, first in a civil ceremony and then in a religious ceremony. Born out of necessity, her civil marriage to Jack helps her stay in the country and remain his friend. Her recollection of Bill’s dismissal of his first marriage before Joy appears to anticipate this civil marriage. Bill told Joy at the time that “it wasn’t very real as far as marriages go” (279). However, while Jack and Joy initially marry for practical reasons, her marriage to Jack could not be more different from Bill’s first marriage or even his marriage to Joy. Even the Lewis’s practical, unconsummated marriage is rooted in love, respect, and care, with Lewis ensuring that she and the boys are well-cared for. After they are married by a priest, the fullness of their love is validated, giving Joy an equal voice and a long-desired identity as Mrs. Lewis, propelling her to a happiness she has never felt before or with Bill. Joy moves beyond the purely carnal understanding of marriage or, for her, the suffocating union that Renee and Bill seem to enjoy. The novel shows in becoming Mrs. Lewis both marriage’s importance and its diverse nature. More than a legal or religious ceremony, marriage becomes where two spirits meet. Joy and Jack become “two trees entwined, unable to stand alone” (392).
Writing and survival are synonymous for Joy, and her books, poems, and essays grant her an afterlife. From the beginning of Joy’s narrative, she links writing to her very survival. In each of the four parts of the novel, Joy’s writing is central, signaled by its use as epigraphs for the chapters. Trying to catalog her feelings for Jack, persevere through her crumbling marriage to Bill, or understand her bodily mortality, Joy turns to the written word and printed page repeatedly. Early on, she echoes Bill’s expectations as she attempts to balance her domestic duties and professional ambitions. She criticizes the value she places on her writing, hating “[her] selfishness that cared more for the page, the writing than for [her] family’s meals” (16). This attitude that sees writing as less than sustenance changes for Joy. Seeing that Bill’s affections have turned to contempt and her marriage has become one-sided, Joy focuses on her writing. Returning to New York following her first revelatory trip to England, she writes to process her traumatic existence with Renee and Bill. Between her old life in America and her new life in England, Joy writes, “as if sentences were blood, as if they would save me” (215). Linking her existence physically to writing, she treats her corpus of writing as her own corporeal body, foreshadowing how her writing becomes a kind of afterlife.
Married to Bill, Joy sometimes sees writing as a luxury. The end of her marriage changes this reality. After, she must write to make money, especially once she moves to England after her divorce. Confronted with the reality that “nothing sold” (262) from her writing in England, Joy struggles. Her faith in her writing appears as dogged as her faith in God, and Joy has “every intention of all my writing paying off” (263). The novel makes clear that her writing does help support her—right before she receives her terminal diagnosis, Joy has become a success with money coming in from her Cinderella project with Warnie and a contract to write on the seven deadly sins.
With Jack and Warnie, Joy finds others who appreciate the written word as much as she does but without any of Bill’s jealousy or derision. There is mutual admiration and inspiration. Jack appreciates her drafts, even while suggesting changes. She inspires Jack in his retelling of Cupid and Psyche, helping him to shape and improve the story so much that he freely admits that she was a partner on the project. In this idyllic time of creativity and partnership between Joy and the Lewis brothers, writing still helps her survive, but it finally also allows her to thrive in an environment that builds her up instead of tears her down.
As she gains a modicum of comfort and security materially, Joy uses her poetry— originally intended for her eyes only—to process her emotions and yearning for Jack and God through her writing. With the sonnets, she lessens “the pain and loneliness by forging sheaves of poetry no one would ever read” (263). They allow her to survive being in constant proximity to a man whom she loves and desires but cannot be with romantically. Later, she presents to Jack the sonnets with her honest passion and deep love reflected in her words as a gift before their civil marriage. Her sonnets—which helped her survive the pain of a love that could not be expressed or acted on—are a prelude to the emotions that Jack finally acknowledges before their religious wedding. She no longer needs to write her feelings of love after she shows him the poems, a reflection of her heart.
In the epitaph, the reader learns that those same sonnets—intended first for her eyes and then only for Jack—somehow survived, only to be found by Joy’s son, Douglas and published in 2015. Her other works also remain in print, a testament that Joy’s words penned to aid her physical or emotional survival have timeless value for generations of readers.
By Patti Callahan Henry
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