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19 pages 38 minutes read

Margaret Atwood

Backdrop Addresses Cowboy

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 1974

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Symbols & Motifs

Bathtub Full of Bullets

The bathtub full of bullets symbolizes the celebration of violence and excess in popular culture, particularly in depictions of the Old West. The bathtub is a symbol of luxury in popular culture, both in terms of time and comfort. Soaking in a bathtub filled with hot water implies one has access to ample space and leisure. In terms of resources, bathtubs are a wasteful way to take a bath since they use up far more water than a shower. Atwood takes this symbol of luxury, comfort, and waste and fuses it with bullets, which are emblematic of violence. She evokes the absurd image of a bathtub brimming with bullets, amplifying the idea of wasteful, gratuitous violence. The metaphor also satirizes Hollywood depictions of gun fights, in which bullets fly around meaninglessly.

The bullet-filled-bathtub is described as “innocent” (Line 7) and identified with the cowboy. This invokes an irony and a contradiction, because bullets are not innocent in the sense that they are capable of violence. The word innocent here implies obliviousness and thoughtlessness; the romanticization of violence is “innocent” because it glosses over the effects of the casualties, both literal and figurative.

The Backdrop

The backdrop functions as both motif and symbol in the poem. It is ubiquitous because the poem wants to draw attention to the context in which the cowboy operates. Often expansion, development, and conquest are presented as occurring in a vacuum. The landscape in which this development occurs is depicted as an empty or pretty space, existing only to frame the protagonists of the narrative. By speaking up, the backdrop shows that it is not merely space, it is the space that heroes like the cowboy “desecrate/ as you pass through” (Lines 36-37). The space is no passive sufferer, it is conscious and actively dislikes the cowboy’s intrusive presence, “the litter of your invasions” (Line 35). It asks the cowboy “Then what about me” (Line 25), questioning the cowboy’s self-righteous neglect of his landscape and context.

The space is the “horizon/ you ride towards,” (Lines 29-30) the “thing” (Line 30) the cowboy cannot lasso, the border he is always looking to cross. Through these lines, the backdrop satirizes the pioneering impulse to colonize every bit of land. This impulse is driven not by adventure or heroism but by greed and a sense of superiority. The so-called civilizers do not end up saving any people, species, or landscape but littering both the physical and emotional landscape around them. The backdrop’s assertion that its “brain” (Line 33) is “scattered with your/ tincans, bones, empty shells” (Lines 33-34) shows that colonialism has harmed more than the physical environment; it has impacted the cultural memory of the people it sought to colonize. Here, the poem alludes to the violent history of North America, where white settlers and colonizers took away the land of Native American tribes, imposed their own language and religion upon indigenous people, and ultimately harmed their population. Just as the cowboy doesn’t consider the perspective and needs of the backdrop, the settlers were singularly focused on their own goals at a cost to the land and people they colonized.

Hollywood Sets and Props

From the “papier mâché cactus” (Line 5) to the “cardboard storefront,” props and sets used in cinema are a running motif in the poem. The motif of props emphasizes the artificiality of the cowboy’s persona. He is not a real hero, just an actor mimicking heroism. A movie viewer may think the cowboy’s act is real, but the fake cactus he drags is set on wheels to help him pull it. The wheels are hidden from the viewer’s sight, but the poem’s speaker knows the cowboy can’t even make the effort to pull a light, false cactus by himself.

The cowboy’s violence also has an artificial quality to it, as if choreographed by an action director on the set of a Hollywood movie. He moves through the streets as if on an empty stage, his “trigger-fingers” (Line 10) cocking a gun at someone at each step. The bodies he fells are false too – though the damage he causes is real – “beer bottles/ slaughtered by the side/ of the road, bird-/ skulls bleaching in the sunset” (Lines 16-19). The reference to the bird skulls evokes the image of an animal skeleton from the movies. Again, these skulls are props, as is the fake sunset. The backdrop, who should be admiring the cowboy like a girlfriend, is putting on an act as well. Its mind is actually elsewhere. The artificial storefront and cliff summon images of sets from Hollywood movies, where outdoor scenes are actually shot indoors using simulations made of cardboard, plastic, paper, cheap wood, and Styrofoam. Nothing is real with the movie cowboy, neither the dangers he faces, nor the admiration he thinks he has won.

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