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40 pages 1 hour read

Lauren Groff

Arcadia

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2012

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Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3 Summary: “Isles of the Blest”

An adult Bit paints a mural of Arcadia in his three-year-old daughter Grete’s room. Handy’s son Leif now owns Arcadia, with Arcadia House having been turned into a modern workspace. Bit tells Grete fairy tales of her mother Helle’s name. Sometime after leaving Arcadia, he married Helle, but she left their family without saying goodbye; in the meantime, his neighbor Sharon helps watch Grete. Bit works as a photography professor, but is unmoored by Helle’s absence. When she disappeared, he visited her parents. Handy is still a musician and married to his fourth wife, and main wife Astrid is still a midwife; neither had spoken to Helle in a week. Bit’s best friend Jincy lives in the suburbs with a new baby, and hadn’t heard from Helle either. In Helle’s 20s, she battled drug abuse; her brother Ike died of AIDS. Hannah and Abe recently separated, because Abe spent their life savings building a house on the outskirts of Arcadia in protest against Leif’s corporatization. Hannah was so angry that she couldn’t be of much comfort to Bit when Helle left.

Now, nine months later, women from Arcadia call Bit regularly. He filed a police report and hired a private detective, but there’s no news of Helle. Sharon is going through divorce, and he envies her closure. When Bit left Arcadia at age 14, his family moved to Queens. He had been overwhelmed with the city and didn’t make friends. He learned to use photography as an escape, a way of controlling his world. However, Bit grew depressed and was institutionalized. Since then, he’s been on antidepressant medication. He reconnected with Jincy in college, and she had kept in touch with many Arcadians. She told him about Helle returning from Norway and working as a model. She then reconnected Bit with his friend Cole, whose mother hosted Helle when she came to the city. Through Cole, Helle attended one of Bit’s photography galleries. He recognized her right away, but noted her appearance was ragged from drug abuse and struggle.

Hannah comes to visit for Thanksgiving. Bit notes how aged she is, and how she now talks to herself in rage. He leaves Grete with Hannah while he travels to Philadelphia, hopeful that Ilya, Helle’s ex-husband, knows where she is. Ilya, a troubled violinist from Ukraine, reveals he hasn’t heard from Helle, that she is likely dead. He says he’s moving back to Ukraine to die and wants to give his house to Bit, to do as he pleases; he wishes to be paid with a photograph of Grete. On the train ride home, Bit sees a beautiful woman. He is captivated and pictures falling in love with her, but can’t fully conceptualize it until he finds out what happened to Helle.

When Bit and Helle first reunited, he had been shocked to hear her version of their childhood. He remembers the idyllic first years of Arcadia, but she remembers being given acid by her father when she was five and being surrounded by sex. Even so, he holds on to his happy memories because it’s a way of holding on to himself. In the present, Abe visits for Thanksgiving, though Bit doesn’t tell Hannah ahead of time. The couple work through their issues and get back together.

A year after Helle’s disappearance, Bit’s student Sylvie continually flirts with him. He avoids her, instead asking Sharon out on a date. They kiss, but he doesn’t feel right about it; they agree to remain friends. At the end of the semester, Sylvie comes into Bit’s office and tries to kiss him, but he rejects her advances. Later, he receives a letter from a lawyer informing him of Ilya’s death. Ilya has left him his house and a large sum of money in his will. Years pass, and Bit never stops searching for Helle, seeing her everywhere.

Part 3 Analysis

Part 3 depicts the Outside, which is as complex as Arcadia was. Bit and Helle find each other years after Arcadia’s demise. Their marriage and child, Grete, are indicative of their shared childhood, their bond. Helle is traumatized by her past in Arcadia, while Bit retains happier memories. Because of Bit’s empathy and knowledge of Helle’s past, he is able to offer unconditional love. His love for her in their teenage years and ability to accept her flaws make him an ideal partner. Her trauma leads to drug abuse, but for a while, she takes Bit’s second chance at utopia: a happy, healthy family.

Helle’s disappearance is indicative of Arcadia’s hypocrisy and destruction. Because she was never exposed to healthy relationships, her radical autonomy turns into self-destruction. She was ultimately rejected by her parents, Handy and Astrid, who were more concerned with their own missions in Arcadia than with the well-being of their children. As a child, Helle was exposed to drugs and sex, concepts that she was too young to understand. In giving her full rein in her life, Handy and Astrid didn’t raise a self-realized daughter. Instead, she struggled to understand self-worth as a whole. Helle’s abandonment of Bit and Grete is also symbolic of the larger betrayal of Arcadia’s idyllic promise. Just as Arcadia failed to provide a safe space for Arcadians, free of hierarchy and violence, Helle was ill-equipped to provide for her husband and daughter emotionally. She is an intimate tie between Bit and Arcadia. With her disappearance, he is again abandoned by the Arcadian promise—which reinforces the theme of Loss of Innocence.

Groff also outlines what happens to the Arcadian diaspora: Even when Arcadia fails and its residents split up, they are still connected through their time in Arcadia. The many ways in which former Arcadians embrace or reject the Outside is indicative of how real-life cult members adapt to society. For example, Bit’s first couple of years outside of Arcadia are marked by depression. Ultimately, he finds a promising start in the Outside without rejecting Arcadia. He lauds balance, his passion for storytelling enabling him to see nuance and understand opposing realities. Bit refuses to let negative memories of Arcadia inform his story, instead holding on to positive ones, the foundation of his selfhood. This mindset prevents him from becoming bitter. Some Arcadians return to the land, including Abe, while others adopt suburbia and reject their upbringing, such as Jincy. Leif does something similar when he inherits Arcadia and turns it into a corporate campus.

Overall, Arcadia was built on myths and destroyed by hypocrisy. Even so, both myths and reality are important to Bit’s sense of self. His identity is based on values learned at Arcadia, such as empathy and self-sufficiency. He hasn’t fundamentally changed as an adult: Bit acknowledges Arcadia’s wrongs, but doesn’t allow the bad to outweigh the good. Because Helle can’t find her identity outside of Arcadia, she is forever trapped in her youth, which makes her turn against herself. This contrast reinforces the themes of Nature Versus Nurture and loss of innocence.

Notably, Bit sees a version of Arcadia in New York City. Although the city is full of greed and pollution, it is not so antithetical to Arcadia. Like any city, residents follow laws and unwritten rules, and play a role in a larger machine, just as Arcadians were expected to work for the good of their community. Bit’s foundation finds a distorted reflection in the Outside, which reiterates that Arcadia is not as countercultural to larger society as Arcadians wanted to believe. This reinforces the theme of Utopia Versus Reality.

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