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50 pages 1 hour read

Etaf Rum

A Woman Is No Man

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2019

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Part 3, Chapters 46-51Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3

Chapter 46 Summary: “Deya (Winter 2009)”

Fareeda has stopped arranging for suitors for Deya. Desperate for her granddaughter’s forgiveness, she gives her a stack of letters that Isra wrote (but never sent) to her own mother back in Palestine. She hopes that by giving Deya this small piece of her mother, she can atone for the years of secrets and lies. 

Chapter 47 Summary: “Isra (Summer 1997)”

Silence dominates the house. No one speaks to each other, and no one calls. Isra feels isolated, and when Deya tries to connect with her, she pushes her away and then feels guilty about it.

Nadine is now pregnant with her third son. Unlike Isra, she engages fully with her children, and Isra resents her for it. Khaled approaches Isra in the kitchen and apologizes for his accusations the night she ran away. He believes Sarah’s disappearance is God’s punishment for his behavior. Isra asks him if he’d ever like to return to Palestine, but he is unsure. He remembers how difficult his life was growing up in a refugee camp. Despite his family’s abject poverty, however, he remembers the tight-knit community of the camp, where families would share food and resources. Khaled mourns the passing of time and the loss of the life he once knew. Isra thinks that the few material comforts she enjoys in America are not worth the loss of community and sense of belonging.

Chapter 48 Summary: “Deya (Winter 2009)”

Reading her mother’s letters, Deya has an epiphany. She realizes how similar she is to Isra, both women prioritizing others’ needs over their own. She hears the familiar voice inside of her, urging her to remain quiet, to suppress her dreams, and to take the safe and easy path. Despite her love for her family and her desire to not lose them, she finally realizes the voice inside her all these years has been a lie and that seeking her own life is the only truth worth pursuing. She resolves to apply to college, and she visits Sarah again to tell her of her decision. As she leaves, she asks Sarah to find the courage to return home.

Chapter 49 Summary: “Isra (Fall 1997)”

Adam decides to take their daughters out of public school and enroll them in an Islamic school instead. Isra reluctantly agrees, fearing the public school will corrupt them. She becomes pregnant a fifth time, but rather than telling anyone, she aborts the pregnancy by jumping off the stairs and pounding her fist into her belly until she bleeds.

Later that night, Isra changes her mind about her daughters’ school. She tells Adam she fears what will happen if they force their children onto the same path as she and Sarah. Enraged at being questioned, Adam beats her severely, but Isra finally find the courage to endure the beatings and defend her daughters.

Chapter 50 Summary: “Deya (Fall 2009)”

Deya is accepted to New York University. She informs Fareeda in no uncertain terms that she will be attending in the fall. To her surprise, Fareeda does not protest. Deya then tells her that Sarah wants to come home, but she is afraid. Fareeda replies, “Tell her I’ve changed, daughter” (334).

Walking through the stacks at the NYU library, Deya thinks about all the stories in all the books she sees before her. She is inspired not to look for her own story on the library shelves but to write it herself.

Chapter 51 Summary: “Isra (Fall 1997)”

After her last beating, Isra cannot abandon her daughters to a similar fate. Gathering the girls’ birth documents, cash from Adam’s drawer, and gold from under Fareeda’s mattress, she leaves the house and waits for Deya and Nora at the bus stop. When the bus arrives, she leads the girls to the subway station. They descend to the platform and board the train. Isra is not sure where they are going, but she doesn’t care. She has escaped. She is free.

Part 3, Chapters 46-51 Analysis

The final chapters answer some old questions and raise some new ones. Deya’s earlier memory of her mother repeatedly jumping off the basement stairs is revisited from Isra’s point of view, and Rum reveals not madness born of a curse as Fareeda suspects, but a different kind of madness that comes from years of abuse and shame. Isra cannot bear the thought of bearing another daughter, and so, pregnant once again, she chooses to self-abort rather than face Fareeda’s guilt trips and Adam’s rage. However, what arises from this gruesome act of self-preservation is the courage to take a stand. As the narrative ends, Isra faces her long-simmering fears, defies tradition, and boards the R train to a better life.

The uplifting ending, however, may be just temporary. Rum offers her readers a conflicted denouement as, earlier, Sarah gives Deya documented evidence of her parents’ deaths. The logical conclusion to draw is that Isra ends up back in Khaled and Fareeda’s house, and Adam kills her in a fit of rage. Perhaps Rum wants her readers to feel a sense of hope amid all the overbearing tragedy, but, with the exception of Deya’s acceptance to college, hope is in short supply here. Khaled and Fareeda face their transgressions, and they are better for it, but they are still wounded warriors in the cultural battles they fight every day. Whether or not Sarah will reconcile with her parents is left unanswered. The full weight of Rum’s narrative falls like a hammer on Isra and Adam, who pay the ultimate price for their adherence to a system of merciless and antiquated expectations.

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By Etaf Rum