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64 pages 2 hours read

Naomi Novik

A Deadly Education

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2020

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Character Analysis

Galadriel (El)

El is the novel’s protagonist and narrator. Her characterization is marked by contradictions; for example, there are significant differences between El’s internal and external characterizations. While the reader gets to know El’s internal thoughts and feelings, the student body only sees her outward speech and actions. Internally, El is thoughtful, intelligent, and observant. Externally, El is abrupt, sarcastic, and rude. Though her abrasive personality is a response to the way people have treated El her whole life, it exacerbates the problem of El’s isolation and loneliness. El is a good person with a “bad vibe” and is often perceived by others as being scary or dangerous. The students who give her a chance—students like Orion, Aadhya, Liu, and even Chloe at the end of the book—discover that El is a thoughtful, loyal friend, who is willing to sacrifice for others.

El craves friendship and human connection, as is evidenced by the strength of the bonds she forms with Orion in particular but also Aadhya and Liu. As a character, El is motivated by a desire for acceptance and love. One of the major conflicts of the book is internal: El’s constant balance between her desire to do good and her affinity and abilities, which lend themselves to death and destruction. Her abilities would allow her to do great harm, but her motivations lead her to do good. This resistance to darkness is carried over in El’s ability to maintain compassion and goodwill for others despite having been treated badly by so many people. In Chapter 3, El says, “I can’t wheedle for a spot, it makes me too angry, and threatening makes me feel equally terrible, just in the opposite way” (55). This shows the reader that El is a person with a strong moral compass and that she is thoughtful and intentional in her decision making.

El is also an intelligent and powerful witch with a great deal of insight into the way her world works. Her observations about the character and behavior of the other students reflects an ability to view people as complex individuals. who are influenced by a variety of social and environmental factors. These qualities support her quick-thinking intelligence and create a character who is cautious and strategic but also accepting, forgiving, and supportive. El’s life transforms through the course of the novel; she begins lonely and isolated, with few prospects for help or alliances, but by the end of the novel she has three close friends, two alliance members, and has earned the respect of well-connected students like Clarita and Chloe.

The novel presents Orion’s interest in El as an opportunity for her to secure a spot in an enclave. El refuses to use him in that way, but it is precisely the loyalty and concern she shows for Orion that earn her the friendship of Aadhya and Liu. Both young women recognize El’s sincerity and value the equality she brings to her relationships—as Aadhya points out when she relates her mother’s advice (Important Quotations #17), popularity is rarely a good indicator of a person’s true character. All of the students who engage with El directly for any length of time in this novel seem to recognize her intelligence, power, and reliability.

Orion Lake

Orion is El’s first friend, potential romantic interest, and the novel’s version of the hero archetype. His primary characteristics are bravery and recklessness, though he is also described as being socially awkward, generous, and oblivious. Orion’s bravery is evident in his pattern of rescuing other students from deadly mals, and his recklessness is demonstrated in his habit of charging into these situations with no plan or strategy in mind. As the reader learns more about Orion’s affinity—his ability to pull mana from mals as well as the fact that he is somehow naturally repellant to the creatures—these characteristics become less defining of Orion as a person. Orion has rescued 600 students from mals during his three years at school, and he believes it is the right thing to do, but these are activities that come easily and naturally to him.

More revealing of Orion’s personality are his social awkwardness, obliviousness, and generosity. The novel describes Orion as being generally unreceptive to the praise and adoration of the other students. El notes that he, like her, has been considered extraordinary his whole life and thus had never learned to interact with people in a “normal” way. He is polite but evasive with people he doesn’t know well and distant but cooperative with the other students in his enclave. He is generous in sharing his talents; this is reinforced when he reveals that he feeds mana into the New York power-sharer and power-sink without having access to use it himself. His obliviousness is revealed through his lack of awareness both of the rumors that he and El are dating and of the way the enclave system privileges him and the others. For example, Orion never questioned that he did not have any maintenance shifts and was not aware they’d been given to other students as part of the protection and privilege bartering.

Orion does not have a dramatic character arc during the novel, as El and the reader are still getting to know him as a person. The most significant change in Orion is his relationship with El. Before their friendship developed, Orion had been as isolated and lonely as El, though these qualities were more ironic in him, considering his heroic reputation and high social status. The growth Orion exhibits as the narrative progresses is in his developing awareness of the injustice and inequality of the enclave system, as well as in the way he opens up to El and is honest with her about his feelings of isolation and his desire to maintain a relationship with her.

Aadhya

Aadhya is a clever, strategic student at the Scholomance. She is thoughtful and open-minded, skilled in her discipline, and values loyalty. Like El, Aadhya is an independent student; unlike El, Aadhya is socially skilled and excels at making deals and connections. She begins working collaboratively with El because of the potential for access to Orion but quickly identifies El as the more valuable of the two. Like El, Aadhya is observant and strategic and does not rely on stereotypes or assumptions based on superficial qualities when she makes her judgments about people. For example, Aadhya initially assumes the surface of El’s mirror is perfect because of something Orion did in the creation of the silver, but she quickly realizes it was actually El’s power that created such a good outcome.

Aadhya’s observant and strategic mind are enhanced by her social confidence. These qualities allow her to make powerful moves within the world of the school, such as her plan to auction El’s powerful phase-control spell only to the seniors so they can run a second auction the following year. She brings these connections and this social dexterity to their alliance, expanding the group’s access to resources and assistance. Aadhya sees through the “vibes” that drive everyone away from El and says she values El’s loyalty and ethics. The value she places on loyalty is obvious too when, after El says she will not back out of the graduation hall trip, Aadhya discreetly gives El an opportunity to ask Aadhya and Liu to join the mission. Because this novel is the first in a trilogy, Aadhya’s character development is primarily found in the relationships she forms with El and Liu as well as in her increasing acknowledgment of the dangers of the school and the realities of what awaits the independent students at graduation and beyond.

Liu

Liu is another third-year student at the Scholomance. In the beginning of the book, El describes her as someone who is dabbling in malia—rationing their use of the darker power in the hopes of surviving graduation without going irrevocably maleficer. Early in the novel, El notes that if Liu “looks at you too quickly, her eyes are all white for a moment. Her nails have gone solid black, too, and I know it’s not polish” (9). Later in the novel, after El sends her mother’s psychic reckoning spell out into the cafeteria, she notices Liu, “was still staring at her own hands, tears running in two lines down her face,” and knows she was “right about her carefully rationed malia use; if she’d been using more than the bare minimum, the spell wouldn’t have been able to bring her true” (138).

As El gets to know Liu better in the aftermath of Liu’s separation from malia use, she learns Liu is shy, kind, and thoughtful. Liu had been convinced to obtain and carefully ration malia from a group of mice she’d brought with her at induction. Because Liu’s affinity is for animals, she’d felt badly about killing the mice. Malia can easily become addictive—as the novel shows with Jack’s murderous actions—so it is a testament to the inherent gentleness and kindness of Liu’s nature that she was able to use it for three years without being so corrupted she couldn’t return to a better state.

Liu’s character arc through the novel involves her movement away from malia use and into an alliance with El and Aadhya. Like the other two girls, Liu is observant and capable of analyzing people and situations for danger and ulterior motives. Though she remains quiet and shy throughout the novel, at the end she begins to open up more to Aadhya and El, revealing her nurturing nature through her friendship with them and her idea to raise the remaining mice as familiars.

Gwen Higgins

Gwen is El’s mother, a well-known “good” witch, who is renowned for her affinity for and excellence at healing. Gwen’s characterization is developed through El’s reflections on her, so it is tempered by a daughter’s love and worry. El describes her mother as being brave, selfless, kind, and giving. The wide reach of her spells demonstrates Gwen is a respected and talented witch, potentially as powerful as El in her own right. Gwen is staunchly dedicated to maintaining a strict-mana practice, which means she does not “cheat” and pull malia—life force—from any living thing. She has passed this trait on to El, potentially to forestall the prophecy of death and destruction delivered by El’s paternal grandmother.

Gwen is depicted as having respect for all living things, which the reader can see in El’s description of her mother’s handling and treatment of the spell books. She notes that Gwen’s books all stay with her, and when a new book appears Gwen lays all of the books out, thanks them for their service, and invites any of them to leave if they feel it’s their time. When the reader considers the lengths El will go to keep her new spell book, it is obvious that spell books are valuable and not let go of lightly. That Gwen so openly invites her books to leave if they like shows she recognizes their status as living or sentient things and honors their wishes. However, Gwen also survived graduation, held off El’s paternal relatives, and single-handedly defended El against frequent mal attacks as she grew. These events show that Gwen is as powerful and skilled as she is kind and considerate. Her moral and ethical influence were so significant that El is still guided by her commitment to doing “the right thing” even in the most difficult of circumstances.

When Gwen is revealed to be El’s mother at the end of the novel, the other students are shocked because mother and daughter’s reputations are so different it seems impossible they could be related in this way. However, the reader—and El’s new friends—should recognize Gwen’s defining characteristics of goodness and morality also infuse every aspect of El’s character.

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