56 pages • 1 hour read
Elif ShafakA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section discusses death, exhumation of a grave, substance abuse, and mistreatment of sex workers.
After eating dinner, the friends reminisce about Leila’s love for birthday parties. Nalan tells the others about her plan for Leila: They will take Sabotage Sinan’s in-laws’ truck, drive to the Cemetery of the Companionless, dig up Leila’s body, and give her a proper funeral. The others are disturbed by the plan, but they reluctantly agree. They decide to lay Leila to rest next to her deceased husband, D/Ali, in a graveyard in Bebeck. Nalan tells Jameelah, who is ill, to stay at the apartment. Jameelah refuses.
The road that the five need to take is patrolled by police cars: Two patrolmen watch the road. The two patrolmen notice a 1982 Chevrolet Silverado racing past them, holding several people holding pickaxes. Humeyra loses her balance and accidentally drops her pickaxe.
The patrolmen radio into dispatch and report a suspicious truck headed toward Kilyos, where there is nothing but the Cemetery of the Companionless.
Kilyos is a quiet coastal town an hour away from Istanbul. Boats of asylum seekers sometimes capsize off the coast of Kilyos, and their bodies are pulled from the water and buried in the Cemetery of the Companionless. They are buried among serial killers, people with psychiatric disabilities, runaways, people with substance use disorders, unwed mothers, and others.
Leila’s grave is marked 7053.
The five arrive at the Cemetery of the Companionless and hurriedly get out of the car. Several of the friends complain about Nostalgic Nalan’s driving skills; Zaynab122 asks for Nostalgic Nalan not to swear in the cemetery. Nostalgic Nalan leads them through the gates of the cemetery.
The five trek through the cemetery with digging tools and a wheelbarrow. They note the scent of decay and death, and Sabotage Sinan is distressed. They tease him and carry on through the cemetery.
Sabotage Sinan pulls out a cigarette, and Nostalgia Nalan yells at him to put it out so that they don’t attract attention. As Nostalgia Nalan is walking, her boot gets caught on a tree root, and she curses as she tries to regain her balance. Zaynab122 reminds her not to curse because the djinn will hear them. Nostalgia Nalan believes that religion blinds people from the world around them, causing them to live in fear.
Nostalgia Nalan decides to go ahead of the group to look for Leila’s grave. Humeyra sees that Sabotage Sinan is anxious and offers him some vodka. When Nostalgia Nalan returns, she claims that she’s found Leila’s grave and that the liquor in her flask was a special 97 proof vodka.
The grave is a mound of dirt with a number written on a wooden board. They pause for Zaynab122 to say a prayer over the grave. After a moment of silence, Nostalgia Nalan digs into the grave.
Sabotage Sinan stands at the side of the grave, drunk. Humeyra and Zaynab122 try to calm him, but he feels chastised by their care. After Nostalgia Nalan finishes digging the grave, they all stare down at the body in the dirt. Zaynab122, being deeply religious, is saddened at seeing Leila’s body treated this way.
As they figure out a plan to lift Leila’s body out of the grave, Sabotage Sinan stumbles and falls into it. They hurriedly try to pull him out of the grave and realize that they exhumed the wrong grave. Embarrassed, Nalan remarks that the writing on the paper was almost illegible.
Once they find Leila’s grave, they exhume her body and place it in the wheelbarrow. As they begin to move back toward their truck, they run into a pack of feral dogs. To avoid being attacked, Humeyra throws leftover food at them. The five quickly continue forward.
As it begins to pour rain, the five notice two police cars parked in the distance. Nostalgia Nalan decides to carry Leila’s body because the wheelbarrow is too noisy. They plan to sneak into the truck in the dark, only turning the lights on when they pass the policemen. Nostalgia Nalan remembers going to dinner with Leila and D/Ali. Nostalgia Nalan believed that D/Ali did not introduce her or Leila to any of his revolutionist friends because he was ashamed of their work; she was going to ask him about this at dinner.
Before Nostalgia Nalan was able to ask him, D/Ali asked her what the difference between European and Western cities is. He claimed that the greatest difference was in the cemeteries and how the dead were involved in everyday life. He claimed that Istanbul is the property of the dead because the cemeteries loom around every corner. Nostalgia Nalan decided not to ask her question.
Back in the Cemetery of the Companionless, the five, and Leila’s body, are pushed into the pickup truck. As Nostalgia Nalan starts the car, music from the radio blasts and catches the attention of the police.
The five speed down the road toward Istanbul. Nostalgia Nalan has the idea to pull into a ditch and turn the lights off. When her plan succeeds, she turns in the other direction and drives toward the graveyard that D/Ali is buried in. As they drive, Sabotage Sinan thinks about how the events of the day could impact his family. He thinks of Leila with great sadness and regrets never telling her that he was in love with her.
As they approach the cemetery called Bebek, they notice a police car sitting at the top of the hill. Nostalgia Nalan quickly turns the car around, and the five try to come up with a new plan for Leila’s reburial. Zaynab122 tells them that they should throw Leila’s body in the sea: She remembers Leila telling her about the fish that was released into the ocean when she was born and that when she died, she would find that fish. The five take Leila’s body to the Bosphorus Bridge.
As the five set out on their plan to exhume Leila’s body, they note the discrepancies among the treatment of people from different socioeconomic classes. While they feel they live in a more modern area, the theme of Traditionalism Versus Modernism is explored through the fact that Istanbul has strong roots in traditionalism, hence the Cemetery of the Companionless. However, even in a more modern society, sex workers are still looked down on, and a hierarchy always exists within any system of power.
The Cemetery of the Companionless is located in the city of Kilyos, a popular tourist destination known for its beaches. As a setting, Kilyos is significant because it portrays the juxtaposition between life and death while also showcasing the socioeconomic inequalities that deeply impact modernistic societies. When discussing the beaches, Shafak states, “Every now and then, a boat of asylum seekers capsizes in these waters” (225), highlighting the indifference that vacationers exhibit during their stays. Within the Cemetery of the Companionless, hundreds of people are buried in unmarked, faded graves. Shafak writes about the lives of the various people buried around Leila as a way to humanize them, demonstrating that these people are treated as less than human simply because their actions were deemed as undesirable.
As the five frantically try to find a place to lay Leila’s body to rest, Zaynab122 remembers the story that Leila told her about the blue betta fish that her family had cast out to sea on the day that she was born. Leila wanted to be like the fish, set free from its glass bowl. This can be interpreted symbolically as Leila wishing to be freed from the constraints of society and the way that the events in her life, which she had no control over, limited her. This moment is also symbolic of the duality of life and death, as Leila meets the betta fish upon her birth and after her death, showing that life is cyclical rather than linear.
This section speaks to The Complexity of Family, as the five are willing to risk breaking the law by exhuming a body because they love Leila. Together, they built a family to replace the families that they lost. Though Leila is dead, they want to honor her memory, and each character is flooded with memories of her. Similarly, when Leila lay dying in those final minutes of brain functionality, she relived memories of her painful past and the happier times spent with the five. These happier memories were her last, and this connection displays the depth of love between the five. In death, they honor her, and in Leila’s death, she thought of them celebrating her. In a sense, she willed this ending into being.
By Elif Shafak
Books on Justice & Injustice
View Collection
Books that Feature the Theme of...
View Collection
Family
View Collection
Grief
View Collection
Memory
View Collection
Mortality & Death
View Collection
Popular Book Club Picks
View Collection
Pride Month Reads
View Collection
Safety & Danger
View Collection
Sexual Harassment & Violence
View Collection
The Best of "Best Book" Lists
View Collection
The Booker Prizes Awardees & Honorees
View Collection
The Past
View Collection
Valentine's Day Reads: The Theme of Love
View Collection
Women's Studies
View Collection